Micro-controller and touch solutions leader Atmel (Atmel? Company) electronic music in 2010 in Munich, Germany announced that with a floating point unit (floating point unit, FPU) 32-bit AVR launched the first program? Micro-controller device (MCU) series. The latest AVR UC3 ? MCU series for industrial control applications with high processing power, the real 5V operation, high-speed communications and advanced security and unique combination of reliability, and the use of small and micro-encapsulation series.
IEEE 754-1985 compliant floating point unit can improve the Atmel's AVR UC3 CPU computing performance, accuracy and dynamic range. The inherent floating-point operations allows designers to use the full functionality of the tool kit to design the sensor and controller applications. In addition, advanced mathematical calculations help to improve the robot to the broader use of the audio signal processing and control of the car, filtering and noise suppression performance.
Atmel's AVR UC3 Haakon Skar, product marketing director, said: "The first phase of the other micro-controller product line AVR UC3 C-Series smaller space, and to provide more processing power MCU series offers a new higher performance, so that we can integrate new. floating-point unit, without increasing power consumption of the micro-controller. The new 32-bit AVR microcontrollers for industrial control AVR microcontroller family in the 8-bit lineup powerful application, aims to further expansion. "
UC3 C series is Atmel's first high-speed development of communications and 32-bit AVR microcontroller series, the range of 3.0 to 5.5V operating voltage design, 5V to real work. 5V supply voltage is one of many industrial control applications, in order to get a better signal to noise ratio and requirements, especially those who need a lot of switching current or very sensitive analog applications. UC3 C series and a 9-layer data bus, 64 4KB high-speed SRAM, and mixed high-speed communication peripherals, including a 100Mbps Ethernet, dual CAN interfaces and a full-speed USB interface settings. Large equipment also includes a SDRAM interface. System designers and hierarchical data bus and separate use of SRAM-based, high-speed communications can easily eliminate the conflict, in order to avoid packet loss or system performance.
UC3 C Series also integrates Atmel UC3 L series, is the 8-bit AVR? XMEGA? Products for use in the event the system peripherals. The event system, without CPU intervention allows for peripheral and peripheral operation to ensure the completion of two cycles and the delay between the start and operation of other peripheral devices to communicate, and ultimately eliminate the jitter and the traditional interrupt CPU may lead to unpredictable delays LCD module distributors China.
In addition, UC3 C series also includes FlashVault code protection feature, which allows on-chip flash memory security technology of some kind of Flash programming and lock in the chip to create the privacy protection of intellectual property rights of software code and a secure storage space. Normally stored in the FlashVault can code, but can not read, copy, or debugging. FlashVault the code protection features of the device can be used to load the math library and other important software or encryption algorithm, when from the software to a safe location may not be a trusted partner, which can be used to avoid software development, debugging and programming with other source code LCD module graphic.
New series offers UC3C to 22x22mm from the 9 x 9mm QFN64 package TQFP144 choices. With existing AVR microcontrollers Atmel UC3 A and B series products the same power of these devices.
2011年4月24日星期日
one of the best intelligent LCD module manufacturers in the world
With the rapid growth of the global liquid crystal display ( LCD) market, nowadays the lcd modules are widely used in our daily life. Especially with the development of intelligent lcd module technology,by which anyone can easily program to complete LCD display module design, more and more company pay attention to the area of intelligent LCD module. Synlink is one of the best intelligent LCD module manufacturers in the world. Synlink apply its mind to the development of intelligent LCD module for many years and have a group of professional experts to offer professional service for customers.
The intelligent LCD module products of Synlink are high- performance with various sizes. These LCD modules are graphic display and character display, and even the touch screen fuction of them are available. Due to the highest quality standards of these products, Synlink has won the admiration and trust of the customers in the world , such an in Europe or Asia market.
Synlink has a group of professional experts to develop and upgrade the display control technology to meet the increasing requirement of customers. Synlink is your best choice if you want to buy LCD module. You can search our products and contact with us on the website.
The intelligent LCD module products of Synlink are high- performance with various sizes. These LCD modules are graphic display and character display, and even the touch screen fuction of them are available. Due to the highest quality standards of these products, Synlink has won the admiration and trust of the customers in the world , such an in Europe or Asia market.
Synlink has a group of professional experts to develop and upgrade the display control technology to meet the increasing requirement of customers. Synlink is your best choice if you want to buy LCD module. You can search our products and contact with us on the website.
2011年4月22日星期五
Tc787 chips in a single chip and three-phase half-controlled rectifier circuit
Rectifier circuit is widely used in DC motor speed, DC voltage and other occasions. Three-phase half-controlled rectifier bridge circuit is a common rectifier circuit, and its easy to control and reduce costs. This paper introduces a microcomputer PIC690 specific integrated three-phase half-controlled rectifier trigger circuit, which combines specific integrated chip and digital trigger trigger the advantages of high performance and highly symmetrical trigger pulse chip TC787. It fully utilizes the MCU internal resources, adaptive phase sequence sets, voltage regulators, and various protection functions in one, system parameters can be used to load the constant voltage control. Three-phase main circuit
Rectifier circuit is widely used in DC motor speed, DC voltage and other occasions. Three-phase half-controlled rectifier bridge circuit is a common rectifier circuit, and its easy to control and reduce costs. This paper introduces a microcomputer PIC690 specific integrated three-phase half-controlled rectifier trigger circuit, which combines specific integrated chip and digital trigger trigger the advantages of high performance and highly symmetrical trigger pulse chip TC787. It fully utilizes the MCU internal resources, adaptive phase sequence sets, voltage regulators, and various protection functions in one, system parameters can be used to load the constant voltage control. Three-phase main circuit DC output voltage of LC filter structure of semi-controlled bridge structure and improve quality.
System design as the main control chip by the microcontroller PIC690 system as the main switch thyristor. Design goal is to maintain the output DC voltage, output voltage ripple, low THD AC output current measurement, reliable performance and stability.
Main circuit system includes: Three-phase half-controlled rectifier, synchronous signal sampling circuit, microprocessor control circuit, thyristor trigger circuit. First, the synchronous signal sampling circuit trigger signal is sent simultaneously to the detection of an integrated chip TC787 zero, the further delay in order to achieve the appropriate phase shift. ADC is responsible for collecting micro-controller DC bus voltage, the PI operation by voltage setpoint and actual value of the deviation, adjusted for a given output. PIC MCU's voltage reference value output to the TC787, TC787 implementation phase triggered thyristor, to achieve a rectifier regulator. Overall hardware block diagram shown in Figure 1.
Overall hardware block diagram in Figure 1
Main circuit design the main circuit three-phase half-controlled rectifier bridge, LC filter structure shown in Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the main current DC current measurement. Half-controlled bridge select SEMIKRON 140A SKDH146/120-L100 module rated current, rated voltage of 1200V's. DC LC circuit filter, filter capacitor than single effective. In addition, you can increase the AC input current total harmonic distortion of the side. DC 6 times and 6 times the main contents of the entire design, the harmonic frequency of LC low-pass filter, in order to avoid resonance of the harmonic content is higher. In this design, select the inductor 5mH, filter capacitor 480
Figure 2 circuit structure to obtain the power grid phase voltage, the synchronous circuit plastic, due to integrated chip TC787 18AT trigger pin, pin and pin 1CT 2BT. TC787 has three zero and polarity detection unit, three serrated forming units, 3 comparator, pulse generator, interference lock circuit and the pulse distribution and the drive circuit for a given number of phase-shifted control voltage, phase sequence can automatically identify an internal integration.
Control of the controller circuit design using PIC16F690. PIC16F690 microcontroller with an internal 10-bit AD; Wide operating voltage (2.0 ~ 5.5V), the low power consumption, with the PWM output; own internal crystal oscillator. With an on-chip 10-bit AD, AD collected on the DC voltage conversion. In order to reduce hardware costs, some of the pressure, rather than directly through the sensor to collect resistance voltage DC voltage divider ratio through two reverse the resistance of the circuit to the microcontroller. Microcontroller and analog signal directly connected (through the beads can also be connected to reduce interference.) PIC16F690 microcontroller IO port through the TC787 chip enable or disable the output shown in Figure 3. When the PIC microcontroller's I / O port RC3 output high (+5 V) when the lock port is low; when the MCU I / O port RC3 output is low, locking in a high (+15 V) number. I use a given signal a IO TC787 reference voltage, the use of PWM pulse mode, adjust the duty cycle to adjust the output voltage, PWM wave through the RC low-pass filter similar to the DC signal as a reference voltage to the signal set Uref, its the range of 0 to 5V,. Because the chip TC787 required for a given input range of 0 - 15V, so the PWM wave through a level translator shown in Figure 3, couplers.
Figure 3, the control circuit of the hardware structure
Transformer through the sync input to the TC787, TC787 6-foot-high output double-pulse or low pulse width alone. 12,11,10 feet are the A, B, C of the trigger output, after a pulse transformer output to the thyristor.
Trigger Trigger driving circuit chip select high-performance three-phase thyristor phase triggering IC TC787. TC787 single power supply, dual power can work, the main three-phase thyristor phase and three-phase power transistor trigger pulse width modulation circuit, and the formation of a VVVF inverter devices. TC787 internal structure shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 TC787 chip architecture in the design, TC787 and 15V power supply, 4-pin method (VR): the phase control voltage input. Input voltage directly determines the end of the output pulse relative to the output of a given part of the scope of the applications received TC787/TC788 level. Pin 5 (skin): prohibitions side of the output pulse. The final state is used to block TC787/TC788 fault output, high efficiency, the application, then the output protection circuit. Synchronous voltage input: pin 1 (VC) pin 2 (VB) and three-phase synchronous input interface 18-pin (VA). The application, receive a synchronization input filter voltage, synchronous peak voltage shall not exceed TC787/TC788 supply voltage VDD.
Triggered mainly by the power driver circuit voltage synchronization circuit, TC787 integrated isolation trigger circuit and the pulse amplifier drive circuit. Figure 5 shows the synchronization circuit and peripheral circuits TC787. Synchronization circuit voltage of the first part of this design method will need more accessories. The three potentiometers RP1 ~ RP3 adjustment can be achieved with different phase shift of 0 to 60 in order to meet the needs of different transformer connections. Figure 5, the midpoint of the transformer to receive a direct sync (1 / 2) power supply voltage, so that the components used to simplify. TC787-pin micro-controller output for a given voltage 4 (0 ~ +15 V), the blockade of the foot 6-pin to trigger pulse. 10 feet for the trigger pulse output pins 12, respectively, the circuit received C, B, a phase separation.
Figures 5 and synchronization circuit pulse circuit
Figure 6, the voltage detection circuit voltage detection circuit
In order to reduce hardware costs, the DC bus voltage detection circuit and a resistor divider design tools, and not by the voltage sensor
output voltage of LC filter structure of semi-controlled bridge structure and improve quality.
System design as the main control chip by the microcontroller PIC690 system as the main switch thyristor. Design goal is to maintain the output DC voltage, output voltage ripple, low THD LCD LCM output current measurement, reliable performance and stability.
Main circuit system includes: Three-phase half-controlled rectifier, synchronous signal sampling circuit, microprocessor control circuit, thyristor trigger circuit. First, the synchronous signal sampling circuit trigger signal is sent simultaneously to the detection of an integrated chip TC787 zero, the further delay in order to achieve the appropriate phase shift. ADC is responsible for collecting micro-controller DC bus voltage, the PI operation by voltage setpoint and actual value of the deviation, adjusted for a given output. PIC MCU's voltage reference value output to the TC787, TC787 implementation phase triggered thyristor, to achieve a rectifier regulator. Overall hardware block diagram shown in Figure 1.
Overall hardware block diagram in Figure 1
Main circuit design the main circuit three-phase half-controlled rectifier bridge, LC filter structure shown in Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the main current DC current measurement. Half-controlled bridge select SEMIKRON 140A SKDH146/120-L100 module rated current, rated voltage of 1200V's. DC LC circuit filter, filter capacitor than single effective. In addition, you can increase the AC input current total harmonic distortion of the side. DC 6 times and 6 times the main contents of the entire design, the harmonic frequency of LC low-pass filter, in order to avoid resonance of the harmonic content is higher. In this design, select the inductor 5mH, filter capacitor 480
Figure 2 circuit structure to obtain the power grid phase voltage, the synchronous circuit plastic, due to integrated chip TC787 18AT trigger pin, pin and pin 1CT 2BT. TC787 has three zero and polarity detection unit, three serrated forming units, 3 comparator, pulse generator, interference lock circuit and the pulse distribution and the drive circuit for a given number of phase-shifted control voltage, phase sequence can automatically identify an internal integration.
Control of the controller circuit design using PIC16F690. PIC16F690 microcontroller with an internal 10-bit AD; Wide operating voltage (2.0 ~ 5.5V), the low power consumption, with the PWM output; own internal crystal oscillator. With an on-chip 10-bit AD, AD collected on the rs232 lcd voltage conversion. In order to reduce hardware costs, some of the pressure, rather than directly through the sensor to collect resistance voltage DC voltage divider ratio through two reverse the resistance of the circuit to the microcontroller. Microcontroller and analog signal directly connected (through the beads can also be connected to reduce interference.) PIC16F690 microcontroller IO port through the TC787 chip enable or disable the output shown in Figure 3. When the PIC microcontroller's I / O port RC3 output high (+5 V) when the lock port is low; when the MCU I / O port RC3 output is low, locking in a high (+15 V) number. I use a given signal a IO TC787 reference voltage, the use of PWM pulse mode, adjust the duty cycle to adjust the output voltage, PWM wave through the RC low-pass filter similar to the DC signal as a reference voltage to the signal set Uref, its the range of 0 to 5V,. Because the chip TC787 required for a given input range of 0 - 15V, so the PWM wave through a level translator shown in Figure 3, couplers.
Figure 3, the control circuit of the hardware structure
Transformer through the sync input to the TC787, TC787 6-foot-high output double-pulse or low pulse width alone. 12,11,10 feet are the A, B, C of the trigger output, after a pulse transformer output to the thyristor.
Trigger Trigger driving circuit chip select high-performance three-phase thyristor phase triggering IC TC787. TC787 single power supply, dual power can work, the main three-phase thyristor phase and three-phase power transistor trigger pulse width modulation circuit, and the formation of a VVVF inverter devices. TC787 internal structure shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 TC787 chip architecture in the design, TC787 and 15V power supply, 4-pin method (VR): the phase control voltage input. Input voltage directly determines the end of the output pulse relative to the output of a given part of the scope of the applications received TC787/TC788 level. Pin 5 (skin): prohibitions side of the output pulse. The final state is used to block TC787/TC788 fault output, high efficiency, the application, then the output protection circuit. Synchronous voltage input: pin 1 (VC) pin 2 (VB) and three-phase synchronous input interface 18-pin (VA). The application, receive a synchronization input filter voltage, synchronous peak voltage shall not exceed TC787/TC788 supply voltage VDD.
Triggered mainly by the power driver circuit voltage synchronization circuit, TC787 integrated isolation trigger circuit and the pulse amplifier drive circuit. Figure 5 shows the synchronization circuit and peripheral circuits TC787. Synchronization circuit voltage of the first part of this design method will need more accessories. The three potentiometers RP1 ~ RP3 adjustment can be achieved with different phase shift of 0 to 60 in order to meet the needs of different transformer connections. Figure 5, the midpoint of the transformer to receive a direct sync (1 / 2) power supply voltage, so that the components used to simplify. TC787-pin micro-controller output for a given voltage 4 (0 ~ +15 V), the blockade of the foot 6-pin to trigger pulse. 10 feet for the trigger pulse output pins 12, respectively, the circuit received C, B, a phase separation. serial lcd
Figures 5 and synchronization circuit pulse circuit
Figure 6, the voltage detection circuit voltage detection circuit
In order to reduce hardware costs, the DC bus voltage detection circuit and a resistor divider design tools, and not by the voltage sensor
Rectifier circuit is widely used in DC motor speed, DC voltage and other occasions. Three-phase half-controlled rectifier bridge circuit is a common rectifier circuit, and its easy to control and reduce costs. This paper introduces a microcomputer PIC690 specific integrated three-phase half-controlled rectifier trigger circuit, which combines specific integrated chip and digital trigger trigger the advantages of high performance and highly symmetrical trigger pulse chip TC787. It fully utilizes the MCU internal resources, adaptive phase sequence sets, voltage regulators, and various protection functions in one, system parameters can be used to load the constant voltage control. Three-phase main circuit DC output voltage of LC filter structure of semi-controlled bridge structure and improve quality.
System design as the main control chip by the microcontroller PIC690 system as the main switch thyristor. Design goal is to maintain the output DC voltage, output voltage ripple, low THD AC output current measurement, reliable performance and stability.
Main circuit system includes: Three-phase half-controlled rectifier, synchronous signal sampling circuit, microprocessor control circuit, thyristor trigger circuit. First, the synchronous signal sampling circuit trigger signal is sent simultaneously to the detection of an integrated chip TC787 zero, the further delay in order to achieve the appropriate phase shift. ADC is responsible for collecting micro-controller DC bus voltage, the PI operation by voltage setpoint and actual value of the deviation, adjusted for a given output. PIC MCU's voltage reference value output to the TC787, TC787 implementation phase triggered thyristor, to achieve a rectifier regulator. Overall hardware block diagram shown in Figure 1.
Overall hardware block diagram in Figure 1
Main circuit design the main circuit three-phase half-controlled rectifier bridge, LC filter structure shown in Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the main current DC current measurement. Half-controlled bridge select SEMIKRON 140A SKDH146/120-L100 module rated current, rated voltage of 1200V's. DC LC circuit filter, filter capacitor than single effective. In addition, you can increase the AC input current total harmonic distortion of the side. DC 6 times and 6 times the main contents of the entire design, the harmonic frequency of LC low-pass filter, in order to avoid resonance of the harmonic content is higher. In this design, select the inductor 5mH, filter capacitor 480
Figure 2 circuit structure to obtain the power grid phase voltage, the synchronous circuit plastic, due to integrated chip TC787 18AT trigger pin, pin and pin 1CT 2BT. TC787 has three zero and polarity detection unit, three serrated forming units, 3 comparator, pulse generator, interference lock circuit and the pulse distribution and the drive circuit for a given number of phase-shifted control voltage, phase sequence can automatically identify an internal integration.
Control of the controller circuit design using PIC16F690. PIC16F690 microcontroller with an internal 10-bit AD; Wide operating voltage (2.0 ~ 5.5V), the low power consumption, with the PWM output; own internal crystal oscillator. With an on-chip 10-bit AD, AD collected on the DC voltage conversion. In order to reduce hardware costs, some of the pressure, rather than directly through the sensor to collect resistance voltage DC voltage divider ratio through two reverse the resistance of the circuit to the microcontroller. Microcontroller and analog signal directly connected (through the beads can also be connected to reduce interference.) PIC16F690 microcontroller IO port through the TC787 chip enable or disable the output shown in Figure 3. When the PIC microcontroller's I / O port RC3 output high (+5 V) when the lock port is low; when the MCU I / O port RC3 output is low, locking in a high (+15 V) number. I use a given signal a IO TC787 reference voltage, the use of PWM pulse mode, adjust the duty cycle to adjust the output voltage, PWM wave through the RC low-pass filter similar to the DC signal as a reference voltage to the signal set Uref, its the range of 0 to 5V,. Because the chip TC787 required for a given input range of 0 - 15V, so the PWM wave through a level translator shown in Figure 3, couplers.
Figure 3, the control circuit of the hardware structure
Transformer through the sync input to the TC787, TC787 6-foot-high output double-pulse or low pulse width alone. 12,11,10 feet are the A, B, C of the trigger output, after a pulse transformer output to the thyristor.
Trigger Trigger driving circuit chip select high-performance three-phase thyristor phase triggering IC TC787. TC787 single power supply, dual power can work, the main three-phase thyristor phase and three-phase power transistor trigger pulse width modulation circuit, and the formation of a VVVF inverter devices. TC787 internal structure shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 TC787 chip architecture in the design, TC787 and 15V power supply, 4-pin method (VR): the phase control voltage input. Input voltage directly determines the end of the output pulse relative to the output of a given part of the scope of the applications received TC787/TC788 level. Pin 5 (skin): prohibitions side of the output pulse. The final state is used to block TC787/TC788 fault output, high efficiency, the application, then the output protection circuit. Synchronous voltage input: pin 1 (VC) pin 2 (VB) and three-phase synchronous input interface 18-pin (VA). The application, receive a synchronization input filter voltage, synchronous peak voltage shall not exceed TC787/TC788 supply voltage VDD.
Triggered mainly by the power driver circuit voltage synchronization circuit, TC787 integrated isolation trigger circuit and the pulse amplifier drive circuit. Figure 5 shows the synchronization circuit and peripheral circuits TC787. Synchronization circuit voltage of the first part of this design method will need more accessories. The three potentiometers RP1 ~ RP3 adjustment can be achieved with different phase shift of 0 to 60 in order to meet the needs of different transformer connections. Figure 5, the midpoint of the transformer to receive a direct sync (1 / 2) power supply voltage, so that the components used to simplify. TC787-pin micro-controller output for a given voltage 4 (0 ~ +15 V), the blockade of the foot 6-pin to trigger pulse. 10 feet for the trigger pulse output pins 12, respectively, the circuit received C, B, a phase separation.
Figures 5 and synchronization circuit pulse circuit
Figure 6, the voltage detection circuit voltage detection circuit
In order to reduce hardware costs, the DC bus voltage detection circuit and a resistor divider design tools, and not by the voltage sensor
output voltage of LC filter structure of semi-controlled bridge structure and improve quality.
System design as the main control chip by the microcontroller PIC690 system as the main switch thyristor. Design goal is to maintain the output DC voltage, output voltage ripple, low THD LCD LCM output current measurement, reliable performance and stability.
Main circuit system includes: Three-phase half-controlled rectifier, synchronous signal sampling circuit, microprocessor control circuit, thyristor trigger circuit. First, the synchronous signal sampling circuit trigger signal is sent simultaneously to the detection of an integrated chip TC787 zero, the further delay in order to achieve the appropriate phase shift. ADC is responsible for collecting micro-controller DC bus voltage, the PI operation by voltage setpoint and actual value of the deviation, adjusted for a given output. PIC MCU's voltage reference value output to the TC787, TC787 implementation phase triggered thyristor, to achieve a rectifier regulator. Overall hardware block diagram shown in Figure 1.
Overall hardware block diagram in Figure 1
Main circuit design the main circuit three-phase half-controlled rectifier bridge, LC filter structure shown in Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the main current DC current measurement. Half-controlled bridge select SEMIKRON 140A SKDH146/120-L100 module rated current, rated voltage of 1200V's. DC LC circuit filter, filter capacitor than single effective. In addition, you can increase the AC input current total harmonic distortion of the side. DC 6 times and 6 times the main contents of the entire design, the harmonic frequency of LC low-pass filter, in order to avoid resonance of the harmonic content is higher. In this design, select the inductor 5mH, filter capacitor 480
Figure 2 circuit structure to obtain the power grid phase voltage, the synchronous circuit plastic, due to integrated chip TC787 18AT trigger pin, pin and pin 1CT 2BT. TC787 has three zero and polarity detection unit, three serrated forming units, 3 comparator, pulse generator, interference lock circuit and the pulse distribution and the drive circuit for a given number of phase-shifted control voltage, phase sequence can automatically identify an internal integration.
Control of the controller circuit design using PIC16F690. PIC16F690 microcontroller with an internal 10-bit AD; Wide operating voltage (2.0 ~ 5.5V), the low power consumption, with the PWM output; own internal crystal oscillator. With an on-chip 10-bit AD, AD collected on the rs232 lcd voltage conversion. In order to reduce hardware costs, some of the pressure, rather than directly through the sensor to collect resistance voltage DC voltage divider ratio through two reverse the resistance of the circuit to the microcontroller. Microcontroller and analog signal directly connected (through the beads can also be connected to reduce interference.) PIC16F690 microcontroller IO port through the TC787 chip enable or disable the output shown in Figure 3. When the PIC microcontroller's I / O port RC3 output high (+5 V) when the lock port is low; when the MCU I / O port RC3 output is low, locking in a high (+15 V) number. I use a given signal a IO TC787 reference voltage, the use of PWM pulse mode, adjust the duty cycle to adjust the output voltage, PWM wave through the RC low-pass filter similar to the DC signal as a reference voltage to the signal set Uref, its the range of 0 to 5V,. Because the chip TC787 required for a given input range of 0 - 15V, so the PWM wave through a level translator shown in Figure 3, couplers.
Figure 3, the control circuit of the hardware structure
Transformer through the sync input to the TC787, TC787 6-foot-high output double-pulse or low pulse width alone. 12,11,10 feet are the A, B, C of the trigger output, after a pulse transformer output to the thyristor.
Trigger Trigger driving circuit chip select high-performance three-phase thyristor phase triggering IC TC787. TC787 single power supply, dual power can work, the main three-phase thyristor phase and three-phase power transistor trigger pulse width modulation circuit, and the formation of a VVVF inverter devices. TC787 internal structure shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 TC787 chip architecture in the design, TC787 and 15V power supply, 4-pin method (VR): the phase control voltage input. Input voltage directly determines the end of the output pulse relative to the output of a given part of the scope of the applications received TC787/TC788 level. Pin 5 (skin): prohibitions side of the output pulse. The final state is used to block TC787/TC788 fault output, high efficiency, the application, then the output protection circuit. Synchronous voltage input: pin 1 (VC) pin 2 (VB) and three-phase synchronous input interface 18-pin (VA). The application, receive a synchronization input filter voltage, synchronous peak voltage shall not exceed TC787/TC788 supply voltage VDD.
Triggered mainly by the power driver circuit voltage synchronization circuit, TC787 integrated isolation trigger circuit and the pulse amplifier drive circuit. Figure 5 shows the synchronization circuit and peripheral circuits TC787. Synchronization circuit voltage of the first part of this design method will need more accessories. The three potentiometers RP1 ~ RP3 adjustment can be achieved with different phase shift of 0 to 60 in order to meet the needs of different transformer connections. Figure 5, the midpoint of the transformer to receive a direct sync (1 / 2) power supply voltage, so that the components used to simplify. TC787-pin micro-controller output for a given voltage 4 (0 ~ +15 V), the blockade of the foot 6-pin to trigger pulse. 10 feet for the trigger pulse output pins 12, respectively, the circuit received C, B, a phase separation. serial lcd
Figures 5 and synchronization circuit pulse circuit
Figure 6, the voltage detection circuit voltage detection circuit
In order to reduce hardware costs, the DC bus voltage detection circuit and a resistor divider design tools, and not by the voltage sensor
RF and wireless data transmission system
RF and wireless data transmission system SoCnRF9E5 implementation, nRF9E5, radio, data transmission system chip - Communications Industry
51 to introduce the latest RF-compatible SoC (system on chip) nRF9E5 system framework, the various components, methods of work and configuration, wireless data transmission system of the structure and use of wireless data communication protocol nRF9E5 design, gives the hardware schematics and flowchart; summarizes the design of advanced wireless data transmission system nRF9E5.
About NRF9E5 is NordicVLSI 2 5 February, 2004, system-level RF transmitter chip, built-in nRF905433/868/915MHz transceiver, 8051 compatible microcontroller and a 4 input 10-bit 80kSPsA / D converter, is the real SoC shown in Figure 1. Built-in transceiver nRF905 nRF905 transceiver chip operates as in ShockBurst method (prefix, address and CRC automatic processing). Built-in voltage regulator module, the maximum noise suppression, the system provides 1.9 ~ 3.6V operating voltage, QFN5 × 5mm package, the carrier detect. nRF9E5 line with the U.S. Federal Communications Commission and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, the relevant standard. As nRF905 low-power, reliable, so it is suitable for wireless data transmission system.
1 nRF9E5 Features 1.1 nRF9E5 Hardware (1) chip micro-controller with the standard micro-controller 8051 NRF9E5 compatible with the standard 8051 instruction time is slightly different. The typical difference is: nRF9E5 chip microcontroller instruction cycle is 4 to 20 instruction cycles. Interrupt controller supports five extended interrupt sources: ADC interrupt, SPI interrupt, Radio 1, interrupt, interrupt and wake-up timer option argument interrupt. There are three controller chip, the same as the timer 8052. With a serial port 8051, you can use an asynchronous communication baud rate generator timer 1 and timer 2. In addition, expansion of the two data pointers, for reading data from the XRAM area. The data in RAM and ROM 256B microprocessor 512B. Power-on reset or software reset, the processor automatically ROM boot code. Under the guidance of the user program from EEROM 4KB of RAM loaded into a guide is usually 4KB of RAM, can be used to store data. NRF9E5 registers and 8051 the same standards, only a small number of special function registers, such as radio (small b), ADCCON, ADCDATAH, ADCDATAL, ADCSTATIC, PWMCON, PWMDUTY, RCAP2L's, RCAP2H's, CKLFCON so, most of them. In the P0, P1 and P2 port 8051 and register address is the same standard nRF9E5 0x80, 0x90, 0xA0, but the functions and 8051 standards are different.
(2) CKLF clock, RTC wake-up timer, GPIO wake-up and the WTD
NRF9E5 a low-frequency clock CKLF, the clock is always open. When the crystal began to work to the CKLF 4Hz frequency; crystal does not work, CKLF RC oscillator is a low-power devices, as long as VDD of 1.8, continuous work long hours. RTC wake-up timer, WTD (watchdog), and GPIO wake-up frequency in CKLF all the work, the chip's power consumption to ensure the completion of these tasks, the three functions. RTC wake-up timer is programmable by a 24-bit down counter control, WTD is a 16-bit programmable control down counter. WTD RTC wake-up timer and the general cycle of 80ms ~ 300 seconds, the default is 1ms. RTC wake-up timer can be GPIO output source, that is, when the RTC wake-up timer overflow occurs, the initialization time, produce a program output pulse used as GPIO.
(3) SPI interface and A / D converter
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) interface, MISO pin (in the SDO's EEPROM to receive data sent) when, SCK (SCK as the clock provided to the EEPROM), ramie (send data to the spatial data infrastructure EEPROM), EECSN (EEPROM of the country strategy note to send the enable signal.) The SPI of the MISO, SCK and MOSI and reuse of low-3, P1 port, the port is controlled by controlling the function of register between SPI_CTRL replaced. SPI hardware does not generate any chip select signal can be elected with the GPIO port chip. Typically, when the power system, SPI and chip 25,320 is automatically connected. When the program is loaded, the miso (port P1.2), ramie (P1.0) might be used for other purposes, such as other SPI devices or LCD module graphic.
NRF9E5 with 10-bit on-chip ADC, A / D converter reference voltage can be set between AREF and 1.22V the (internal reference voltage) software. The A / D converter, 4 inputs are software, channel select 0 to 3 pin can be converted into digital values corresponding to the voltage AIN0 ~ AIN3, channel 4 for nRF9E5 voltage monitoring. A / D conversion 10-bit default on how to work through the software in six, eight or 12-bit mode.
(4) RF transceiver NRF9E5 through an internal parallel port or an internal SPI port to communicate the same transceiver and single-chip RF transceiver nRF905 the same function of other LCD modules. Transceiver port through the parallel port or SPI communication with a microcontroller, data preparation, carrier detect and address match the chip microcontroller signals to a microcontroller and interrupts.
nRF905 work 433/868/915MHzISM band. Out of a transceiver frequency synthesizer, power amplifier, voltage regulator and the way the two receiver components. Output power, channel and other radio frequency parameters of special function registers Radio (0XA0) control program. Firing, the RF current consumption 11mA, 12.5 mA receive mode. For energy, the transceiver can be programmed on / off.
1.2 nRF9E5 transceiver nRF401 different ways and nRF903, nRF9E5 micro-controller using a wireless data transmission module and SPI interface. This RF transceiver in nRF9E5 nRF905 8051 between the core and the finished part. nRF9E5 8051 nRF905 chip RF transceiver core was completed. 8051 nRF905 RF transceiver chip nRF905 completed between the kernel. nRF9E5 transceiver work in three ways, ShockBurst the receiver (RX) mode, ShockBurst transmission (TX) mode and idle mode. When the transceiver is in idle mode, the micro-controller is still running.
NRF9E5 use NordicVLSI the ShockBurst, high-speed data transmission. The relevant agreement was signed by nRF9E5 N - chip RF data. LCD LCM
51 to introduce the latest RF-compatible SoC (system on chip) nRF9E5 system framework, the various components, methods of work and configuration, wireless data transmission system of the structure and use of wireless data communication protocol nRF9E5 design, gives the hardware schematics and flowchart; summarizes the design of advanced wireless data transmission system nRF9E5.
About NRF9E5 is NordicVLSI 2 5 February, 2004, system-level RF transmitter chip, built-in nRF905433/868/915MHz transceiver, 8051 compatible microcontroller and a 4 input 10-bit 80kSPsA / D converter, is the real SoC shown in Figure 1. Built-in transceiver nRF905 nRF905 transceiver chip operates as in ShockBurst method (prefix, address and CRC automatic processing). Built-in voltage regulator module, the maximum noise suppression, the system provides 1.9 ~ 3.6V operating voltage, QFN5 × 5mm package, the carrier detect. nRF9E5 line with the U.S. Federal Communications Commission and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, the relevant standard. As nRF905 low-power, reliable, so it is suitable for wireless data transmission system.
1 nRF9E5 Features 1.1 nRF9E5 Hardware (1) chip micro-controller with the standard micro-controller 8051 NRF9E5 compatible with the standard 8051 instruction time is slightly different. The typical difference is: nRF9E5 chip microcontroller instruction cycle is 4 to 20 instruction cycles. Interrupt controller supports five extended interrupt sources: ADC interrupt, SPI interrupt, Radio 1, interrupt, interrupt and wake-up timer option argument interrupt. There are three controller chip, the same as the timer 8052. With a serial port 8051, you can use an asynchronous communication baud rate generator timer 1 and timer 2. In addition, expansion of the two data pointers, for reading data from the XRAM area. The data in RAM and ROM 256B microprocessor 512B. Power-on reset or software reset, the processor automatically ROM boot code. Under the guidance of the user program from EEROM 4KB of RAM loaded into a guide is usually 4KB of RAM, can be used to store data. NRF9E5 registers and 8051 the same standards, only a small number of special function registers, such as radio (small b), ADCCON, ADCDATAH, ADCDATAL, ADCSTATIC, PWMCON, PWMDUTY, RCAP2L's, RCAP2H's, CKLFCON so, most of them. In the P0, P1 and P2 port 8051 and register address is the same standard nRF9E5 0x80, 0x90, 0xA0, but the functions and 8051 standards are different.
(2) CKLF clock, RTC wake-up timer, GPIO wake-up and the WTD
NRF9E5 a low-frequency clock CKLF, the clock is always open. When the crystal began to work to the CKLF 4Hz frequency; crystal does not work, CKLF RC oscillator is a low-power devices, as long as VDD of 1.8, continuous work long hours. RTC wake-up timer, WTD (watchdog), and GPIO wake-up frequency in CKLF all the work, the chip's power consumption to ensure the completion of these tasks, the three functions. RTC wake-up timer is programmable by a 24-bit down counter control, WTD is a 16-bit programmable control down counter. WTD RTC wake-up timer and the general cycle of 80ms ~ 300 seconds, the default is 1ms. RTC wake-up timer can be GPIO output source, that is, when the RTC wake-up timer overflow occurs, the initialization time, produce a program output pulse used as GPIO.
(3) SPI interface and A / D converter
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) interface, MISO pin (in the SDO's EEPROM to receive data sent) when, SCK (SCK as the clock provided to the EEPROM), ramie (send data to the spatial data infrastructure EEPROM), EECSN (EEPROM of the country strategy note to send the enable signal.) The SPI of the MISO, SCK and MOSI and reuse of low-3, P1 port, the port is controlled by controlling the function of register between SPI_CTRL replaced. SPI hardware does not generate any chip select signal can be elected with the GPIO port chip. Typically, when the power system, SPI and chip 25,320 is automatically connected. When the program is loaded, the miso (port P1.2), ramie (P1.0) might be used for other purposes, such as other SPI devices or LCD module graphic.
NRF9E5 with 10-bit on-chip ADC, A / D converter reference voltage can be set between AREF and 1.22V the (internal reference voltage) software. The A / D converter, 4 inputs are software, channel select 0 to 3 pin can be converted into digital values corresponding to the voltage AIN0 ~ AIN3, channel 4 for nRF9E5 voltage monitoring. A / D conversion 10-bit default on how to work through the software in six, eight or 12-bit mode.
(4) RF transceiver NRF9E5 through an internal parallel port or an internal SPI port to communicate the same transceiver and single-chip RF transceiver nRF905 the same function of other LCD modules. Transceiver port through the parallel port or SPI communication with a microcontroller, data preparation, carrier detect and address match the chip microcontroller signals to a microcontroller and interrupts.
nRF905 work 433/868/915MHzISM band. Out of a transceiver frequency synthesizer, power amplifier, voltage regulator and the way the two receiver components. Output power, channel and other radio frequency parameters of special function registers Radio (0XA0) control program. Firing, the RF current consumption 11mA, 12.5 mA receive mode. For energy, the transceiver can be programmed on / off.
1.2 nRF9E5 transceiver nRF401 different ways and nRF903, nRF9E5 micro-controller using a wireless data transmission module and SPI interface. This RF transceiver in nRF9E5 nRF905 8051 between the core and the finished part. nRF9E5 8051 nRF905 chip RF transceiver core was completed. 8051 nRF905 RF transceiver chip nRF905 completed between the kernel. nRF9E5 transceiver work in three ways, ShockBurst the receiver (RX) mode, ShockBurst transmission (TX) mode and idle mode. When the transceiver is in idle mode, the micro-controller is still running.
NRF9E5 use NordicVLSI the ShockBurst, high-speed data transmission. The relevant agreement was signed by nRF9E5 N - chip RF data. LCD LCM
2011年4月21日星期四
Review Akiles Duomac C51 binding machine
Sometimes, only a combination of style is not enough. Organization may need to find an internal document, one for customer presentations. Perhaps two different departments in different materials to find the combination of their appearance.
The Akiles DuoMac the binding machine lines can be combined into one machine with two different ways fast and easy.
This machine provides a 5:1 pitch plastic combs and spiral coil binding document options.
Features / Benefits:
This is the only plastic comb / 5:1 pitch spiral coil combination machine on the market. It consists of a plastic comb pattern boxing. 5:1 pitch spiral coil pattern and a red comb opener to open the Web page into the comb. It also includes close (Duomac the machine is sewing machine with the same template construction) a wire. This means that you can also use a binding document, 19 ring Spiral ? it.
The machine can use the files for you get three completely different look. This is impressive, because most machines only provide a binding style.
Plastic comb binding is the cheapest, most easily in the market to use one of the binding. The machine can handle from 3 / 16 "to 2" diameter combs.
This machine also can deal with 5:1 pitch spiral coil binding (5 holes per inch). This is a special spiral coil is 4:1 than the standard varieties more closely wound coil spacing. Some users like it tightly wound professional look of this style.
The machine also includes the same powerful features, such as in the other Akiles binding machines, such as punching margin depth control, continuous guidance and multiple handle stamping operations.
Weaknesses / limitations:
There is only so many things, Akiles can be added to a machine, although this machine is the apparent lack of almost all electric spiral coil inserter. For the user is non-binding spiral coil insert the other one single device, such as rolling a coil is highly recommended.
With so many things to one machine, it is like an octopus in appearance. This machine actually has four arms (instead of 8), but what you think. It has a fairly large footprint, it can be a bit confusing operation.
O spiral binding supplies and 5:1 pitch wire coil binding can not be like some other common binding system. This sometimes leads to odd, especially for non-standard color or size of the increase in lead times.
Construction:
The establishment of the Akiles Duomac touch lcd module is very good. It is almost entirely made of metal and purpose stand in a professional environment. In fact, these devices tend to choose the printing, binding, copying centers and corporate offices.
The Duomac lcd touch screen module, including a file for organizing your 5:1 pitch coil bound free pair coil crimpers.
As mentioned above it is not the most attractive combination, but its function is not found in any other binding machines on the market.
Recommendation:
For users who are high-quality 5:1 pitch coil binding machine comb binding machine or a look, this is a good choice. It includes the features you need at a great price and the combs, coil and wire binding on all.
If you intend to use a binding machine, you will want a separate lot of the coil into the coil.
This is a great choice if you want options. However, unless you are looking for the specific circumstances of the coil pitch of 5:1, you might want to consider Duomac C41 which provides the same functionality as 4:1 pitch coil, not the 5:1 punch. lcd module tft
The Akiles DuoMac the binding machine lines can be combined into one machine with two different ways fast and easy.
This machine provides a 5:1 pitch plastic combs and spiral coil binding document options.
Features / Benefits:
This is the only plastic comb / 5:1 pitch spiral coil combination machine on the market. It consists of a plastic comb pattern boxing. 5:1 pitch spiral coil pattern and a red comb opener to open the Web page into the comb. It also includes close (Duomac the machine is sewing machine with the same template construction) a wire. This means that you can also use a binding document, 19 ring Spiral ? it.
The machine can use the files for you get three completely different look. This is impressive, because most machines only provide a binding style.
Plastic comb binding is the cheapest, most easily in the market to use one of the binding. The machine can handle from 3 / 16 "to 2" diameter combs.
This machine also can deal with 5:1 pitch spiral coil binding (5 holes per inch). This is a special spiral coil is 4:1 than the standard varieties more closely wound coil spacing. Some users like it tightly wound professional look of this style.
The machine also includes the same powerful features, such as in the other Akiles binding machines, such as punching margin depth control, continuous guidance and multiple handle stamping operations.
Weaknesses / limitations:
There is only so many things, Akiles can be added to a machine, although this machine is the apparent lack of almost all electric spiral coil inserter. For the user is non-binding spiral coil insert the other one single device, such as rolling a coil is highly recommended.
With so many things to one machine, it is like an octopus in appearance. This machine actually has four arms (instead of 8), but what you think. It has a fairly large footprint, it can be a bit confusing operation.
O spiral binding supplies and 5:1 pitch wire coil binding can not be like some other common binding system. This sometimes leads to odd, especially for non-standard color or size of the increase in lead times.
Construction:
The establishment of the Akiles Duomac touch lcd module is very good. It is almost entirely made of metal and purpose stand in a professional environment. In fact, these devices tend to choose the printing, binding, copying centers and corporate offices.
The Duomac lcd touch screen module, including a file for organizing your 5:1 pitch coil bound free pair coil crimpers.
As mentioned above it is not the most attractive combination, but its function is not found in any other binding machines on the market.
Recommendation:
For users who are high-quality 5:1 pitch coil binding machine comb binding machine or a look, this is a good choice. It includes the features you need at a great price and the combs, coil and wire binding on all.
If you intend to use a binding machine, you will want a separate lot of the coil into the coil.
This is a great choice if you want options. However, unless you are looking for the specific circumstances of the coil pitch of 5:1, you might want to consider Duomac C41 which provides the same functionality as 4:1 pitch coil, not the 5:1 punch. lcd module tft
Akiles Duomac C51 plastic combs and 5:1 pitch spiral coil binding machine review
Sometimes, only a combination of style is not enough. Introduction from the customer, combined with the needs of internal documents and materials vary depending on the project. The answer? The Akiles DuoMac binding machine. Let your DuoMac line into one with a plastic comb or 5:1 pitch spiral coil for maximum flexibility, combined with two different styles of machines quickly and easily.
Features:
In many of its innovative features, this versatile machine has the only plastic comb, plastic comb, including for the pattern and 5:1 pitch spiral coil punch / 5:1 pitch spiral coil combination machine on the market, there is a comb opener to help page insert. In addition, DuoMac C51, contains a line like other DuoMac line close to the binding machine, allowing you to use a binding document, 19 ring Spiral ? it.
By providing a combination of style, built the most binding machines, DuoMac the C51 offers three completely different look for your files - from a cost-effective plastic comb binding from 3 / 16 comb "2" in diameter, spacing to .5:1 spiral coil binding. This 5:1 pitch (5 holes per inch or) is a special variety of spiral coil more closely than the standard 4:1 pitch coil wound. Many people prefer the appearance of tightly wound that the professional style.
Finally, DuoMac C51, including binding machines, such as drilling in the margin, such as the depth of control, continuous punching guide and process control and multi-function operation to add other Akiles found the same power. These characteristics are the characteristics of adhesive Akiles so DuoMac C51 one of the best first-class choice.
Restrictions:
Although this machine is very flexible and provides many benefits, there are several noteworthy limitations. This machine is almost everything you can think of in the binder, which is obviously the lack of electric spiral coil inserter. For users who do a lot of spiral coil binding, preceded by a separate insertion device, such as rolling a coil is strongly recommended.
There are so many features added to the stand-alone, it can be a bit confusing, the operation there was a octopus (a four armbands fish, that is) needed. It also has a fairly large footprint, it can store the inconvenience. It is not suitable for your machine, if you are easy to break into the store looking.
O-wire binding and spiral coil binding machine with 5:1 pitch is not as good as other binding system in general. This may be a problem, when it increased the delivery time, sometimes the results can occur. Especially when it is an attempt to bind non-standard colors or line material dimensions.
Construction:
The Akiles Duomac the C51 is very well built, made almost entirely of metal and the aim is standing in a professional environment. In fact, these devices tend to choose the printing, binding, copying centers and corporate offices of the maximum capacity, high-quality binding.
In addition, Duomac lcd module display, including a file for organizing your 5:1 pitch coil bound free pair coil crimpers. These coil crimpers are necessary, ideal for a perfect cutting and bending the two ends of the completion of the coil effective - every time.
Recommendation:
TheAkiles DuoMac C51's strongly recommended that users who are high-quality 5:1 pitch coil binding machine comb binding machine or looking for. All the features of the machine, including you will need to comb, coil and wire binding. In addition, DuoMAc lcd module serial is excellent value in a good machine.
If the coil binding is your preference, you may want you to buy a separate coil inserter. Also, unless you are looking for 5:1 pitch coil Specifically, you may want to consider it provides Duomac C41 4:1 with the same functionality as the coil spacing, rather than 5:1 punch. It just depends on the needs of your bindings, but have chosen to work well and easily accessible. Either way, you will eventually get a high efficiency, build a good and flexible binding system, you can use for many years.
Features:
In many of its innovative features, this versatile machine has the only plastic comb, plastic comb, including for the pattern and 5:1 pitch spiral coil punch / 5:1 pitch spiral coil combination machine on the market, there is a comb opener to help page insert. In addition, DuoMac C51, contains a line like other DuoMac line close to the binding machine, allowing you to use a binding document, 19 ring Spiral ? it.
By providing a combination of style, built the most binding machines, DuoMac the C51 offers three completely different look for your files - from a cost-effective plastic comb binding from 3 / 16 comb "2" in diameter, spacing to .5:1 spiral coil binding. This 5:1 pitch (5 holes per inch or) is a special variety of spiral coil more closely than the standard 4:1 pitch coil wound. Many people prefer the appearance of tightly wound that the professional style.
Finally, DuoMac C51, including binding machines, such as drilling in the margin, such as the depth of control, continuous punching guide and process control and multi-function operation to add other Akiles found the same power. These characteristics are the characteristics of adhesive Akiles so DuoMac C51 one of the best first-class choice.
Restrictions:
Although this machine is very flexible and provides many benefits, there are several noteworthy limitations. This machine is almost everything you can think of in the binder, which is obviously the lack of electric spiral coil inserter. For users who do a lot of spiral coil binding, preceded by a separate insertion device, such as rolling a coil is strongly recommended.
There are so many features added to the stand-alone, it can be a bit confusing, the operation there was a octopus (a four armbands fish, that is) needed. It also has a fairly large footprint, it can store the inconvenience. It is not suitable for your machine, if you are easy to break into the store looking.
O-wire binding and spiral coil binding machine with 5:1 pitch is not as good as other binding system in general. This may be a problem, when it increased the delivery time, sometimes the results can occur. Especially when it is an attempt to bind non-standard colors or line material dimensions.
Construction:
The Akiles Duomac the C51 is very well built, made almost entirely of metal and the aim is standing in a professional environment. In fact, these devices tend to choose the printing, binding, copying centers and corporate offices of the maximum capacity, high-quality binding.
In addition, Duomac lcd module display, including a file for organizing your 5:1 pitch coil bound free pair coil crimpers. These coil crimpers are necessary, ideal for a perfect cutting and bending the two ends of the completion of the coil effective - every time.
Recommendation:
TheAkiles DuoMac C51's strongly recommended that users who are high-quality 5:1 pitch coil binding machine comb binding machine or looking for. All the features of the machine, including you will need to comb, coil and wire binding. In addition, DuoMAc lcd module serial is excellent value in a good machine.
If the coil binding is your preference, you may want you to buy a separate coil inserter. Also, unless you are looking for 5:1 pitch coil Specifically, you may want to consider it provides Duomac C41 4:1 with the same functionality as the coil spacing, rather than 5:1 punch. It just depends on the needs of your bindings, but have chosen to work well and easily accessible. Either way, you will eventually get a high efficiency, build a good and flexible binding system, you can use for many years.
2011年4月19日星期二
Akiles Duomac C51 a plastic combs and 5:1 pitch spiral coil binding machine Quick View
If you need a binding system that can perform more than one combination of style, you often switch from internal documents to the client description, Akiles DuoMac binding machine has the answers you need. This multi-function binding machine allows you a fast and effective way combination of two different styles. The Akiles DuoMac have a plastic comb application, and 5:1 pitch spiral coil for the application of the machine incredible flexibility.
The Akiles DuoMac is unique in several respects, this binder may be the only plastic comb / 5:1 pitch spiral coil combination binder listing. The Chapter 24E also includes a punch for plastic comb mode 5:1 pitch spiral coil punch. Comb opener is a standard web pages are also very helpful to insert a wire in close and efficient, but also standard equipment, the AIDS ring screw diameter of 19 line items with the process.
This is a real plus there are three, all together, with different looks, especially when the majority of devices available today provide only a single binding style. The provision for the commitment DuoMac C51, and provides a great value three of a binding machine look. These seem to include a cheap plastic comb binder from 3 / 16 "2" in diameter. In the C51 also offers a 5:1 pitch spiral coil binding. 5:1 is 5 inches each, which is a unique spiral coil around a variety of standards more stringent than the 4:1 hole golf course style. Many users like this its clean, professional look 5:1 spacing.
The DuoMac the C51 can have the rest of the line of adhesives Akiles all the features found in the same positive. For example, a continuous punching guide, the depth of punch margin control, and a variety of processing mechanisms, so that additional features and control of the machine. This makes DuoMac C51's that, as an alternative the most cutting-edge.
The machine has a proposal, but this does not mean there is no one should take into account some of the negative characteristics of many of the features. The DuoMac C51 binding options, and many of the works are very good, but it does not have an electric spiral coil inserter, which for the company to do high-volume projects, a separate insertion device, such as rolling a coil will be necessary the full and effective function. All of the features included in the DuoMac can make use of some confusion C51 looks a bit like an octopus (or quadrapus, because it has four arms.) In addition, its large size makes it a bit clumsy. If you need a machine, easy to store, do not take up too much space, you may be better options with different binding services.
Another potential limitation is to provide a binder of uses, such as spiral wire binding and 5:1 pitch ? coil binding, are not readily available, can be more difficult to find than other products used by the binding machine. This can make the project take longer, waiting for supplies to reach, you can also make matters worse, when you need color or size is not binding system standards
On the plus side, however, Duomac C51 is to create sustainable, the main metal. This structure holds the most difficult projects and the most busy professional environment. These adhesives are usually purchases a large print shop, copy center, binding, and corporate offices, and has once again proved this point. In addition, the machine includes a coil crimpers standard for completion of cutting and bending done by a professional distance between the two ends of the coil winding 5:1 time-limited projects.
Use DuoMac If you need a 5:1 pitch coil binding machine or a very high quality comb binding machine. This folder has everything you might want to, if you want a machine with comb, coil and wire tied everything. The DuoMAc the C51 is a very good price to make a great binding system. However, if you intend to do a lot of coil binding, you should be prepared to buy a stand-alone coil inserter.
If you do not particularly need to look at 5:1 pitch coil, you might want to consider choosing Duomac C41 C51 it has all the same components, but works 4:1 pitch coil punch instead of 5: 1. It just depends on the needs of your bindings, but have chosen to work well and easily accessible. Whatever you choose, you will get a very strong and effective adhesive that will work for a long time.lcd module touch screen, touch screen lcd module
The Akiles DuoMac is unique in several respects, this binder may be the only plastic comb / 5:1 pitch spiral coil combination binder listing. The Chapter 24E also includes a punch for plastic comb mode 5:1 pitch spiral coil punch. Comb opener is a standard web pages are also very helpful to insert a wire in close and efficient, but also standard equipment, the AIDS ring screw diameter of 19 line items with the process.
This is a real plus there are three, all together, with different looks, especially when the majority of devices available today provide only a single binding style. The provision for the commitment DuoMac C51, and provides a great value three of a binding machine look. These seem to include a cheap plastic comb binder from 3 / 16 "2" in diameter. In the C51 also offers a 5:1 pitch spiral coil binding. 5:1 is 5 inches each, which is a unique spiral coil around a variety of standards more stringent than the 4:1 hole golf course style. Many users like this its clean, professional look 5:1 spacing.
The DuoMac the C51 can have the rest of the line of adhesives Akiles all the features found in the same positive. For example, a continuous punching guide, the depth of punch margin control, and a variety of processing mechanisms, so that additional features and control of the machine. This makes DuoMac C51's that, as an alternative the most cutting-edge.
The machine has a proposal, but this does not mean there is no one should take into account some of the negative characteristics of many of the features. The DuoMac C51 binding options, and many of the works are very good, but it does not have an electric spiral coil inserter, which for the company to do high-volume projects, a separate insertion device, such as rolling a coil will be necessary the full and effective function. All of the features included in the DuoMac can make use of some confusion C51 looks a bit like an octopus (or quadrapus, because it has four arms.) In addition, its large size makes it a bit clumsy. If you need a machine, easy to store, do not take up too much space, you may be better options with different binding services.
Another potential limitation is to provide a binder of uses, such as spiral wire binding and 5:1 pitch ? coil binding, are not readily available, can be more difficult to find than other products used by the binding machine. This can make the project take longer, waiting for supplies to reach, you can also make matters worse, when you need color or size is not binding system standards
On the plus side, however, Duomac C51 is to create sustainable, the main metal. This structure holds the most difficult projects and the most busy professional environment. These adhesives are usually purchases a large print shop, copy center, binding, and corporate offices, and has once again proved this point. In addition, the machine includes a coil crimpers standard for completion of cutting and bending done by a professional distance between the two ends of the coil winding 5:1 time-limited projects.
Use DuoMac If you need a 5:1 pitch coil binding machine or a very high quality comb binding machine. This folder has everything you might want to, if you want a machine with comb, coil and wire tied everything. The DuoMAc the C51 is a very good price to make a great binding system. However, if you intend to do a lot of coil binding, you should be prepared to buy a stand-alone coil inserter.
If you do not particularly need to look at 5:1 pitch coil, you might want to consider choosing Duomac C41 C51 it has all the same components, but works 4:1 pitch coil punch instead of 5: 1. It just depends on the needs of your bindings, but have chosen to work well and easily accessible. Whatever you choose, you will get a very strong and effective adhesive that will work for a long time.lcd module touch screen, touch screen lcd module
China's auto electronics market and development opportunities
2003 world car of less than 3%, of which 80% of the increment from China, China's automotive electronics industry's rapid development has attracted the concern of the global automotive electronics industry production growth. This is China's automotive electronics technology and the market situation, difficulties and trends, automotive power management devices and technology development overview, these factors contribute to the automotive electronics design engineers, technical, marketing and sales manager, and the automotive semiconductor products for automotive electronics in China suppliers to seize the development opportunities. Automotive electronics is divided into two categories:
1. Automotive electronic control devices, including powertrain control, chassis and body electronic control, comfort and alarm systems. 2. Car automotive electronics devices, including automotive information system (onboard computer), navigation systems, car audio visual entertainment systems, automotive communications systems, vehicle networks. China's auto electronic industry development and the current difficulties facing China's auto electronic system manufacturers have a certain economy of scale, they are by and or restructuring, etc., into the depot matching system, and gradually enter the international market, supporting high-end cars. In the development of automotive electronics is the rapid development of automotive electronics industry is an important direction.
In contrast, the level of China's automobile industry and R & D capabilities and abroad is still a big gap between the electronic control system. In the face of adverse market environment, China's scientific and technological personnel has not stalled. With the energy situation becomes increasingly tense, the China National "863" plans to actively promote the electronic control systems, automotive electronics and industrial areas of focus of electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicle research: 1. Information: tachometer, engine tachometer and fuel gauge network will be set, diagnosis, and touch-screen digital LCD display, by replacing the vehicle's dynamic information system, "experts think tank" to achieve on-site diagnosis, road autonomous navigation , electronic maps, dynamic display of vehicle location and track playback 2. Energy-saving technologies: high speed when turning the steering wheel is easy, slow turn, the steering wheel is very difficult, which will increase fuel consumption by about 2%.
Development of new electric power steering system is supposed to do the opposite, so that labor-saving and safe driving to save energy. 3. Comfort: Currently, the automotive air conditioning is a machine driven, due to temperature, the driver manual control, the energy problem is serious. Automatic air conditioning system and the development of intelligent air conditioning system will automatically collect internal and external temperature, humidity, sunshine, a series of signals and vehicle speed, according to a certain mathematical model, at any time automatically adjusted to get the best air conditioning mode.
The three studies the application of fuel cell vehicles on the leadership, and is subject to conditions, the gradual conversion of conventional cars. In addition, China's Ministry of Information Industry will focus on supporting the development of six automotive electronics: a unified computing platform trucks, electronic fuel injection system electronic control unit, vehicle traffic monitoring and recording equipment, car audio navigation systems, automotive semiconductor devices and ASIC , intelligent transportation systems.
China's emerging automotive industry in research and product e-business, the major difficulties faced are: understanding the requirements of international standards is not enough, automotive plants and automotive electronics manufacturers in emerging top-down, according to the vehicle configuration requirements of the work of electronic products The business model is not fully established projects. Due to lack of demand for towing vehicles, automotive electronics manufacturers have developed their own functional prototype of the product only on the vehicle factory acceptance testing, test requirements of the supporting manufacturers, the China Automotive Technology Research Center, a senior engineer said that in order to reduce test time and reasons for the high cost of the product to stand the test of time relatively short, the stability and security is difficult to meet international standards.
Meanwhile, automobile electronic products and automobile accessory highly relevant to the emerging Chinese automotive electronics business to scale, it is hard out of the joint venture business model, so it is easy to control the vehicle factory. The combination of these two reasons, it may hinder China's automotive electronics business in a very short period of time, to meet the market demand for products and growth started. R & D process, the automotive component manufacturers to support the domestic production is the control of the joint venture, automotive electronics market does not support the development of China's automotive electronics business of the sound development of certain negative effects of a long procurement cycle, to buy is not convenient, does not meet the specification requirements for more common car problems, Shanghai Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., on behalf of Massey level manager said: "The high-power automotive electronics, high on the supporting cables and equipment than the current environment high requirements, including difficulties of matching. "
On this issue, Tianjin Fujitsu Ten Electronics Co., Ltd. Liang Xue director, said: "China's automotive electronics manufacturers to provide local matching, we are China's rapid development, automotive electronics has just set up a research and development center in Tianjin Fujitsu Ten Ltd., in automotive electronics product design needs with the aim to provide services assembly plant. "and Motorola Electronics Co., Ltd. through line and enjoin managers believe that China's automotive electronics enterprises to participate in the international automotive electronics purchasing the General Assembly, and gradually understand the market requirements and international standards, support from the China's auto electronics industry. Currently, electric power, high voltage power supply safety management system, body electrical control, digital meters, low-speed bus control system, tire pressure monitoring and research and industrialization process alarm systems, automotive electronics enterprises in China have begun to deliver.
China's "national car computing platform project" is expected to overcome the launch vehicle control, driving, information processing, intelligent transportation, sensing, a major implementation of the core technology to third generation mobile communications, high-definition digital television, satellite navigation, intelligent transportation, mobile network applications and automotive electronics and information technology and automobile industry for the development of the formation and development pattern of interaction between the electronic information industry a major opportunity. As the top international provider of semiconductor solutions for cars in China, China's automotive electronics industry is expected to accelerate development. China's major automotive electronics market and development opportunities for safe, energy saving, environmental protection, and intelligence and information is the future automotive trends. China's auto market in China, resulting in the rapid growth of automotive entertainment systems, doubling the market size, market survey, from 2003 to 2006, China's total automobile production in 1200-1600 should be a million or so, car entertainment systems, its size in the 500 market - about 8 million units, mainly to provide OEM support services. Vehicle used as vehicle communication, navigation, audio and video entertainment, network control, integrated multimedia market trends of computer integrated information system platform. Analysis shows that China's large-scale development of automotive electronics market, the current prospects, as shown in Figure 2, with driving safety and small car entertainment and navigation-related information systems that control vehicle, body electronics is automotive electronics market, the main direction of development. 1. Autonomous vehicle navigation systems market, the rapid development of China, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou as the center outward expansion of the four major cities in the spatial extent of navigation electronic map and provide navigation electronic map database, navigation information NavInfo Hugo Sun Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing Company, general manager, said: "At present, the automotive industry standards and Chinese law car autonomous navigation electronic map in the product line has been put into Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou four cities." estimated that by 2005, China navigation electronic map covers much of the product will meet the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and 2010 Shanghai World Expo will have a car navigation products. Car navigation systems by the car GPS (global positioning system) receiver to monitor the current location of the vehicle will be stored in CD - ROM, built-in memory (eg hard disk), digital map data to compare user-defined calculation of the target driving directions, real-time location and route information to motorists. Map of the automotive electronics market will drive demand for the development of GPS, digital map of the storage devices, display devices of the huge demand. Strategy Analytics predicts that the global annual demand for navigation systems will be 4.3 billion units in 2002, 1,220 million units in 2010.
Information and Communications Research Group predicts that by 2010 from the GPS receiver, needs 9.4 million units in 2004 to 3,000 million units. From a technical point of view, a GPS navigation system independent of the old car will face a number of space constraints, car DVD disc mass storage advantage, through the use of DVD player can display the electronic map information, therefore, fast-growing car market is expected to DVD . Information and Communications Research Group in July 2004 predicted that global annual demand for automotive DVD market will be 450 million units in 2004, 2010, 3300 million units. With the global automotive mainly from China, autonomous vehicle navigation systems market market growth, the rapid development of the global market have a significant impact. According to Japanese media reports, the DVD / HDD navigation system is a growing trend in global sales of such systems in China in 2004 expected to exceed $ 10,000,000, but this system is just beginning in 2003, is expected to In 2008 over one million in sales.
Digital map data provider will be in this huge market-driven demand. Now more sensitive to the popularity of electronic map, which may be national security issues. In addition, the car radio receiver technology is moving from analog to digital reception mode to receive the development of software radio technology based on digital signal processors, digital radio receivers will lead the direction of the car, may end AM / FM, the development of satellite digital broadcast television receiver and the receiver, GPS, and even in one integrated communication and other functions. Philips CarDSP solution provides enhanced multi-path adaptive correction and improvement, such as automotive AM / FM radio or digital broadcast-quality audio and video equipment, antennas variety of great significance, worthy of attention. 2. Body for the electronics, automotive electronic and electrical appliances as the number of large development has risen sharply and body weight in order to reduce wiring, network, and the number of bus technology has been greatly in this period of development, our goal is to address the reliability of data transmission and cable car The total length of the long lead to weight gain and automotive electronics subsystems to increase safety and other issues in order to meet the needs of automotive wiring.
International auto giants and leading car manufacturers of semiconductor manufacturing series of vehicle bus standard, including: the Inter-American Development Bank - 1394 and MOST (for Multimedia), FlexRay and TTCAN (wire), can be, the Inter-American Development Bank - C and GMLAN Hong Kong-Shenzhen Western Corridor (and the powertrain control), J1850 and LIN (for Body Control), Keywrod2000 and ISO 9141 (diagnosis). We believe that the development of automotive body networks will bring China's auto electronics industry has a very good opportunity and entry point for the following reasons: 1. It reduces barriers to entry for enterprises. With forest or with a single-chip solution, CAN bus interface, shortening the cycle of enterprises to develop e-business research organization, supporting enterprises lower the threshold to enter the automotive electronics market. 2. In order to improve vehicle comfort and expand the use of value-added space vehicles. Machinery and equipment used in the past, such as automotive air conditioning temperature control, manual control, door locks, windows, seats, interior and exterior lighting, mirrors, wipers, and other subsystems, can be CAN or LIN bus network connecting the body, to have the opportunity to change parts of the manual operation of electrical control, middle and low body cars and light trucks mechatronic control unit gradually. Automotive electronics market, iSuppli senior analyst Nancy Party, said: "At present, the high level of foreign auto body subsystems up to more than 50 domestic mid-range sedan, the body electronic subsystems only 6-7 months, so in the Chinese auto body electronics plenty of room for future development of the electronics industry. "Economic Operation under the Ministry of Information Industry predicted that China's body electronics from 2003 to 1.032 billion yuan in 2007 increased 5.033 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8 times, second only to increase the vehicle information and communication System (2007 4.2 times more than in 2003).
Thus, a LIN / CAN bus interface micro-controller, the electric drive unit, motor control MCU and body electronics, mechanical and electrical components will be implemented there is huge demand. Freescale (Freescale) Semiconductor Automotive business, the Ministry of Culture and Sports Xiaodui, development manager: 1. It is mainly used for diagnosis of ISO9141 and Keyword2000 systems in the automotive electronic control more than the latter. 2. J1850 was originally used only in North America in 2006 or 2007, will stop using, and then go to the CAN bus. 3. CAN forest to the complementary nature of the combination in general, as compared with the CAN bus, LIN-bus control mode is the biggest advantage of lower costs, from the relatively high fault tolerance, CAN bus target applications are high-speed and multi-vehicle two-way data communications. 4. Currently, you can still be cars, buses, upgrade the electronic control of the FlexRay highest reliability, but it is still expensive and not practical application. 5. Is mainly used for streaming audio and video-based optical bus, can not be used to control. Automotive electronics in the automotive and other equipment to promote good. Kang Xiaodui said: "In China, CAN / LIN bus now, the practical application has only just begun, different vehicles may be very different, the basic configuration may have 4,5 nodes, high-end cars may reach more than 50 nodes." Currently, the forest's international car manufacturers, including BMW, Volvo, Audi, Volkswagen, Daimler Chrysler, the giant union support, the body's systems development of electronic networks. Kang Xiaodui said: "the micro-controller, power driver, voltage regulator and LIN physical layer as a whole constitute the LIN interface, single-chip integration of child nodes is now the main trend of the electronic controller." 3. Automotive safety systems of the most robust growth, according to market research company Strategy Analytics report, in the automotive electronics field, strong growth in demand, the annual average increase of 25% or more of a vehicle safety system. DuPont Automotive recent survey shows that most users believe the problem is most needed, the car's safety, than vehicle performance, fuel-efficient car entertainment and more importantly, airbags and ABS are expected to become the standard configuration. Visteon's study also showed that: consumers are most concerned about the safety car. Renesas research reveals mid-range cars: 1996 will be the airbags as standard equipment, the international community since 2002, has two passenger seats, seat belt pre-tensioners and sensor system testing, together with the airbag as standard Equipment
Yu Xian expected to tighten belts, 2006, and sensor systems will be increased to 4, a significant increase in the sensor system is to increase the collision detection capability, improve the car's stability, which may constitute a unified network of airbags. International automotive safety systems market is showing active and passive safety systems development and the trend towards integration, as shown in Figure 4, the road map shown in the development of automotive safety systems. At present, China's emerging automotive safety products, design direction, tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) develops, automotive electronics, in order to prevent the front, side and rear automotive radar systems are designed to collide, China ABS and airbags in the study just start. Currently appearing on the market tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) in the fall broadly into two categories: (1) direct-type TPMS, it can be sensors and tire pressure RF chip installed near the tire valve is too high, too low A flat tire or the temperature slowly in the wireless receiver car alarm time exception to prevent puncture. The difficulty of the program in the high reliability requirements, battery life is, anti-vibration system, the reliability of the medium-level problems to a certain extent, then, direct TMPS system uses radio frequency transceiver has no established standard to follow, using manufacturing and wireless remote control alarm door or the same device and frequency (433MHz), the usual practice is very difficult to actually use the same FSK modulation frequency to avoid interference problems, and finally, in the tire on the low-power wireless sensor design has been plagued the industry. Development does not require batteries, wireless sensors is the market demand and development. Currently, the Direct TPMS technology is also divided into active and passive technologies. Infineon's activity system will be installed in each wheel pressure sensors, remote control car to receive a variety of devices, including the RKE RF receivers can be used as a tire pressure measurement components, making it a complete tire pressure monitoring systems integration. Active technology advantages, high degree of technological maturity, the development of the modules are suitable for all brands of tires, drawback is battery-powered sensor module needs, it has life problems. Passive no batteries, tires need to integrate it forward, which involves the tire manufacturer needs to establish a common standard is possible only Siemens and Michelin is developing the technology, there is no mature products have emerged. (2) indirect TPMS tires with ABS speed sensor to measure each tire, which is only an inferred speed of the tire pressure is not enough that the system is not including batteries and other radio waves of a troubled rugged, high reliability, not need to change car tires, in comparison with direct TMPS much lower costs, particularly cars and light trucks can be a way to enter the market directly support the depot. lcd module tft, touch lcd module
1. Automotive electronic control devices, including powertrain control, chassis and body electronic control, comfort and alarm systems. 2. Car automotive electronics devices, including automotive information system (onboard computer), navigation systems, car audio visual entertainment systems, automotive communications systems, vehicle networks. China's auto electronic industry development and the current difficulties facing China's auto electronic system manufacturers have a certain economy of scale, they are by and or restructuring, etc., into the depot matching system, and gradually enter the international market, supporting high-end cars. In the development of automotive electronics is the rapid development of automotive electronics industry is an important direction.
In contrast, the level of China's automobile industry and R & D capabilities and abroad is still a big gap between the electronic control system. In the face of adverse market environment, China's scientific and technological personnel has not stalled. With the energy situation becomes increasingly tense, the China National "863" plans to actively promote the electronic control systems, automotive electronics and industrial areas of focus of electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicle research: 1. Information: tachometer, engine tachometer and fuel gauge network will be set, diagnosis, and touch-screen digital LCD display, by replacing the vehicle's dynamic information system, "experts think tank" to achieve on-site diagnosis, road autonomous navigation , electronic maps, dynamic display of vehicle location and track playback 2. Energy-saving technologies: high speed when turning the steering wheel is easy, slow turn, the steering wheel is very difficult, which will increase fuel consumption by about 2%.
Development of new electric power steering system is supposed to do the opposite, so that labor-saving and safe driving to save energy. 3. Comfort: Currently, the automotive air conditioning is a machine driven, due to temperature, the driver manual control, the energy problem is serious. Automatic air conditioning system and the development of intelligent air conditioning system will automatically collect internal and external temperature, humidity, sunshine, a series of signals and vehicle speed, according to a certain mathematical model, at any time automatically adjusted to get the best air conditioning mode.
The three studies the application of fuel cell vehicles on the leadership, and is subject to conditions, the gradual conversion of conventional cars. In addition, China's Ministry of Information Industry will focus on supporting the development of six automotive electronics: a unified computing platform trucks, electronic fuel injection system electronic control unit, vehicle traffic monitoring and recording equipment, car audio navigation systems, automotive semiconductor devices and ASIC , intelligent transportation systems.
China's emerging automotive industry in research and product e-business, the major difficulties faced are: understanding the requirements of international standards is not enough, automotive plants and automotive electronics manufacturers in emerging top-down, according to the vehicle configuration requirements of the work of electronic products The business model is not fully established projects. Due to lack of demand for towing vehicles, automotive electronics manufacturers have developed their own functional prototype of the product only on the vehicle factory acceptance testing, test requirements of the supporting manufacturers, the China Automotive Technology Research Center, a senior engineer said that in order to reduce test time and reasons for the high cost of the product to stand the test of time relatively short, the stability and security is difficult to meet international standards.
Meanwhile, automobile electronic products and automobile accessory highly relevant to the emerging Chinese automotive electronics business to scale, it is hard out of the joint venture business model, so it is easy to control the vehicle factory. The combination of these two reasons, it may hinder China's automotive electronics business in a very short period of time, to meet the market demand for products and growth started. R & D process, the automotive component manufacturers to support the domestic production is the control of the joint venture, automotive electronics market does not support the development of China's automotive electronics business of the sound development of certain negative effects of a long procurement cycle, to buy is not convenient, does not meet the specification requirements for more common car problems, Shanghai Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., on behalf of Massey level manager said: "The high-power automotive electronics, high on the supporting cables and equipment than the current environment high requirements, including difficulties of matching. "
On this issue, Tianjin Fujitsu Ten Electronics Co., Ltd. Liang Xue director, said: "China's automotive electronics manufacturers to provide local matching, we are China's rapid development, automotive electronics has just set up a research and development center in Tianjin Fujitsu Ten Ltd., in automotive electronics product design needs with the aim to provide services assembly plant. "and Motorola Electronics Co., Ltd. through line and enjoin managers believe that China's automotive electronics enterprises to participate in the international automotive electronics purchasing the General Assembly, and gradually understand the market requirements and international standards, support from the China's auto electronics industry. Currently, electric power, high voltage power supply safety management system, body electrical control, digital meters, low-speed bus control system, tire pressure monitoring and research and industrialization process alarm systems, automotive electronics enterprises in China have begun to deliver.
China's "national car computing platform project" is expected to overcome the launch vehicle control, driving, information processing, intelligent transportation, sensing, a major implementation of the core technology to third generation mobile communications, high-definition digital television, satellite navigation, intelligent transportation, mobile network applications and automotive electronics and information technology and automobile industry for the development of the formation and development pattern of interaction between the electronic information industry a major opportunity. As the top international provider of semiconductor solutions for cars in China, China's automotive electronics industry is expected to accelerate development. China's major automotive electronics market and development opportunities for safe, energy saving, environmental protection, and intelligence and information is the future automotive trends. China's auto market in China, resulting in the rapid growth of automotive entertainment systems, doubling the market size, market survey, from 2003 to 2006, China's total automobile production in 1200-1600 should be a million or so, car entertainment systems, its size in the 500 market - about 8 million units, mainly to provide OEM support services. Vehicle used as vehicle communication, navigation, audio and video entertainment, network control, integrated multimedia market trends of computer integrated information system platform. Analysis shows that China's large-scale development of automotive electronics market, the current prospects, as shown in Figure 2, with driving safety and small car entertainment and navigation-related information systems that control vehicle, body electronics is automotive electronics market, the main direction of development. 1. Autonomous vehicle navigation systems market, the rapid development of China, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou as the center outward expansion of the four major cities in the spatial extent of navigation electronic map and provide navigation electronic map database, navigation information NavInfo Hugo Sun Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing Company, general manager, said: "At present, the automotive industry standards and Chinese law car autonomous navigation electronic map in the product line has been put into Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou four cities." estimated that by 2005, China navigation electronic map covers much of the product will meet the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and 2010 Shanghai World Expo will have a car navigation products. Car navigation systems by the car GPS (global positioning system) receiver to monitor the current location of the vehicle will be stored in CD - ROM, built-in memory (eg hard disk), digital map data to compare user-defined calculation of the target driving directions, real-time location and route information to motorists. Map of the automotive electronics market will drive demand for the development of GPS, digital map of the storage devices, display devices of the huge demand. Strategy Analytics predicts that the global annual demand for navigation systems will be 4.3 billion units in 2002, 1,220 million units in 2010.
Information and Communications Research Group predicts that by 2010 from the GPS receiver, needs 9.4 million units in 2004 to 3,000 million units. From a technical point of view, a GPS navigation system independent of the old car will face a number of space constraints, car DVD disc mass storage advantage, through the use of DVD player can display the electronic map information, therefore, fast-growing car market is expected to DVD . Information and Communications Research Group in July 2004 predicted that global annual demand for automotive DVD market will be 450 million units in 2004, 2010, 3300 million units. With the global automotive mainly from China, autonomous vehicle navigation systems market market growth, the rapid development of the global market have a significant impact. According to Japanese media reports, the DVD / HDD navigation system is a growing trend in global sales of such systems in China in 2004 expected to exceed $ 10,000,000, but this system is just beginning in 2003, is expected to In 2008 over one million in sales.
Digital map data provider will be in this huge market-driven demand. Now more sensitive to the popularity of electronic map, which may be national security issues. In addition, the car radio receiver technology is moving from analog to digital reception mode to receive the development of software radio technology based on digital signal processors, digital radio receivers will lead the direction of the car, may end AM / FM, the development of satellite digital broadcast television receiver and the receiver, GPS, and even in one integrated communication and other functions. Philips CarDSP solution provides enhanced multi-path adaptive correction and improvement, such as automotive AM / FM radio or digital broadcast-quality audio and video equipment, antennas variety of great significance, worthy of attention. 2. Body for the electronics, automotive electronic and electrical appliances as the number of large development has risen sharply and body weight in order to reduce wiring, network, and the number of bus technology has been greatly in this period of development, our goal is to address the reliability of data transmission and cable car The total length of the long lead to weight gain and automotive electronics subsystems to increase safety and other issues in order to meet the needs of automotive wiring.
International auto giants and leading car manufacturers of semiconductor manufacturing series of vehicle bus standard, including: the Inter-American Development Bank - 1394 and MOST (for Multimedia), FlexRay and TTCAN (wire), can be, the Inter-American Development Bank - C and GMLAN Hong Kong-Shenzhen Western Corridor (and the powertrain control), J1850 and LIN (for Body Control), Keywrod2000 and ISO 9141 (diagnosis). We believe that the development of automotive body networks will bring China's auto electronics industry has a very good opportunity and entry point for the following reasons: 1. It reduces barriers to entry for enterprises. With forest or with a single-chip solution, CAN bus interface, shortening the cycle of enterprises to develop e-business research organization, supporting enterprises lower the threshold to enter the automotive electronics market. 2. In order to improve vehicle comfort and expand the use of value-added space vehicles. Machinery and equipment used in the past, such as automotive air conditioning temperature control, manual control, door locks, windows, seats, interior and exterior lighting, mirrors, wipers, and other subsystems, can be CAN or LIN bus network connecting the body, to have the opportunity to change parts of the manual operation of electrical control, middle and low body cars and light trucks mechatronic control unit gradually. Automotive electronics market, iSuppli senior analyst Nancy Party, said: "At present, the high level of foreign auto body subsystems up to more than 50 domestic mid-range sedan, the body electronic subsystems only 6-7 months, so in the Chinese auto body electronics plenty of room for future development of the electronics industry. "Economic Operation under the Ministry of Information Industry predicted that China's body electronics from 2003 to 1.032 billion yuan in 2007 increased 5.033 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8 times, second only to increase the vehicle information and communication System (2007 4.2 times more than in 2003).
Thus, a LIN / CAN bus interface micro-controller, the electric drive unit, motor control MCU and body electronics, mechanical and electrical components will be implemented there is huge demand. Freescale (Freescale) Semiconductor Automotive business, the Ministry of Culture and Sports Xiaodui, development manager: 1. It is mainly used for diagnosis of ISO9141 and Keyword2000 systems in the automotive electronic control more than the latter. 2. J1850 was originally used only in North America in 2006 or 2007, will stop using, and then go to the CAN bus. 3. CAN forest to the complementary nature of the combination in general, as compared with the CAN bus, LIN-bus control mode is the biggest advantage of lower costs, from the relatively high fault tolerance, CAN bus target applications are high-speed and multi-vehicle two-way data communications. 4. Currently, you can still be cars, buses, upgrade the electronic control of the FlexRay highest reliability, but it is still expensive and not practical application. 5. Is mainly used for streaming audio and video-based optical bus, can not be used to control. Automotive electronics in the automotive and other equipment to promote good. Kang Xiaodui said: "In China, CAN / LIN bus now, the practical application has only just begun, different vehicles may be very different, the basic configuration may have 4,5 nodes, high-end cars may reach more than 50 nodes." Currently, the forest's international car manufacturers, including BMW, Volvo, Audi, Volkswagen, Daimler Chrysler, the giant union support, the body's systems development of electronic networks. Kang Xiaodui said: "the micro-controller, power driver, voltage regulator and LIN physical layer as a whole constitute the LIN interface, single-chip integration of child nodes is now the main trend of the electronic controller." 3. Automotive safety systems of the most robust growth, according to market research company Strategy Analytics report, in the automotive electronics field, strong growth in demand, the annual average increase of 25% or more of a vehicle safety system. DuPont Automotive recent survey shows that most users believe the problem is most needed, the car's safety, than vehicle performance, fuel-efficient car entertainment and more importantly, airbags and ABS are expected to become the standard configuration. Visteon's study also showed that: consumers are most concerned about the safety car. Renesas research reveals mid-range cars: 1996 will be the airbags as standard equipment, the international community since 2002, has two passenger seats, seat belt pre-tensioners and sensor system testing, together with the airbag as standard Equipment
Yu Xian expected to tighten belts, 2006, and sensor systems will be increased to 4, a significant increase in the sensor system is to increase the collision detection capability, improve the car's stability, which may constitute a unified network of airbags. International automotive safety systems market is showing active and passive safety systems development and the trend towards integration, as shown in Figure 4, the road map shown in the development of automotive safety systems. At present, China's emerging automotive safety products, design direction, tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) develops, automotive electronics, in order to prevent the front, side and rear automotive radar systems are designed to collide, China ABS and airbags in the study just start. Currently appearing on the market tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) in the fall broadly into two categories: (1) direct-type TPMS, it can be sensors and tire pressure RF chip installed near the tire valve is too high, too low A flat tire or the temperature slowly in the wireless receiver car alarm time exception to prevent puncture. The difficulty of the program in the high reliability requirements, battery life is, anti-vibration system, the reliability of the medium-level problems to a certain extent, then, direct TMPS system uses radio frequency transceiver has no established standard to follow, using manufacturing and wireless remote control alarm door or the same device and frequency (433MHz), the usual practice is very difficult to actually use the same FSK modulation frequency to avoid interference problems, and finally, in the tire on the low-power wireless sensor design has been plagued the industry. Development does not require batteries, wireless sensors is the market demand and development. Currently, the Direct TPMS technology is also divided into active and passive technologies. Infineon's activity system will be installed in each wheel pressure sensors, remote control car to receive a variety of devices, including the RKE RF receivers can be used as a tire pressure measurement components, making it a complete tire pressure monitoring systems integration. Active technology advantages, high degree of technological maturity, the development of the modules are suitable for all brands of tires, drawback is battery-powered sensor module needs, it has life problems. Passive no batteries, tires need to integrate it forward, which involves the tire manufacturer needs to establish a common standard is possible only Siemens and Michelin is developing the technology, there is no mature products have emerged. (2) indirect TPMS tires with ABS speed sensor to measure each tire, which is only an inferred speed of the tire pressure is not enough that the system is not including batteries and other radio waves of a troubled rugged, high reliability, not need to change car tires, in comparison with direct TMPS much lower costs, particularly cars and light trucks can be a way to enter the market directly support the depot. lcd module tft, touch lcd module
2011年4月18日星期一
Free REFOG keylogger serial 5.1.8
Monitor does not involve a steep learning curve, does not require a computer science degree configuration and operation. Just download the free trial version, let yourself go! Catch a liar, monitoring employees, children and spouse, to get others passwords, chat records and improve access to the site, and even investigating crimes. Power Spy software lets you know exactly what others do on the computer, and you do not. REFOG keylogger to provide you with a variety of integrated tools to monitor user activity. Each tool keeps a track of different activities.
You can set it to monitor only selected applications or everything that is done in the system. The log entry is displayed as a list sorted by time. Despite its funny name, the application-independent monitoring. It just saved all the applications, you use your own computer, the Windows title, all the keys that you type. You can make an application needs to monitor the list. When recording selected activities, it may be useful to click the mouse in each snapshot.
If not monitored, it often is, employees get too much web surfing, shopping and other personal tasks poaching example. With the screen of history, it is always possible to collect evidence, if the employees are wasting company time. REFOG the purpose of monitoring is to deal with personal family, but it is as simple as suitable for small families. REFOG Personal Monitor capture their press each key, but more than that. Individual keystroke analysis using a small children's behavior.
This allows us to build exactly what we want to monitor. The next screen asks whether we want to set up E - mail address - we did. Las Vegas de seguridad de alertas instantneas Refog Personal Monitor enviadas a music avisarn City Connection Su Su ordenador algorithm ocurre hogar ? Sulugede Que trabajo dondequiera eastern breadth ello ocurra. El producto ideal para cuidar de los miembros ES De Su Familia ? vigilar Los Angeles empleados. The question is, monitoring today's PCs is increasingly difficult and time consuming. Even experienced users will find all the settings and resources of their PCs hard to achieve effective control.
Spy Lantern Keylogger is a spy software to monitor all aspects of the activities of the user intention. It allows you to see what exactly they are doing on the computer. This latest version extends the monitoring events and operations to provide greater and more personalized protection. NBMonitor displays information about your network connection and network adapters bandwidth usage details in real time. Unlike the others, indicating that the process initiated by the network connection name, and allows you to set filters to capture only the traffic you are interested in.
Anti Trojan Elite can monitor any important registry keys and values change. Award keylogger allows you to monitor all users activity on any computers in real time and record each computer's usage history. Award keylogger can easily believe that any computer in real time screen shots of all the input keys, visited websites, used programs. Award keylogger allows you to monitor all users activity on any computers in real time and record each computer's usage history. Award keylogger can easily believe that any computer in real time screen shots of all the input keys, visited websites, used programs.
LCD LCM, LCM LCD
You can set it to monitor only selected applications or everything that is done in the system. The log entry is displayed as a list sorted by time. Despite its funny name, the application-independent monitoring. It just saved all the applications, you use your own computer, the Windows title, all the keys that you type. You can make an application needs to monitor the list. When recording selected activities, it may be useful to click the mouse in each snapshot.
If not monitored, it often is, employees get too much web surfing, shopping and other personal tasks poaching example. With the screen of history, it is always possible to collect evidence, if the employees are wasting company time. REFOG the purpose of monitoring is to deal with personal family, but it is as simple as suitable for small families. REFOG Personal Monitor capture their press each key, but more than that. Individual keystroke analysis using a small children's behavior.
This allows us to build exactly what we want to monitor. The next screen asks whether we want to set up E - mail address - we did. Las Vegas de seguridad de alertas instantneas Refog Personal Monitor enviadas a music avisarn City Connection Su Su ordenador algorithm ocurre hogar ? Sulugede Que trabajo dondequiera eastern breadth ello ocurra. El producto ideal para cuidar de los miembros ES De Su Familia ? vigilar Los Angeles empleados. The question is, monitoring today's PCs is increasingly difficult and time consuming. Even experienced users will find all the settings and resources of their PCs hard to achieve effective control.
Spy Lantern Keylogger is a spy software to monitor all aspects of the activities of the user intention. It allows you to see what exactly they are doing on the computer. This latest version extends the monitoring events and operations to provide greater and more personalized protection. NBMonitor displays information about your network connection and network adapters bandwidth usage details in real time. Unlike the others, indicating that the process initiated by the network connection name, and allows you to set filters to capture only the traffic you are interested in.
Anti Trojan Elite can monitor any important registry keys and values change. Award keylogger allows you to monitor all users activity on any computers in real time and record each computer's usage history. Award keylogger can easily believe that any computer in real time screen shots of all the input keys, visited websites, used programs. Award keylogger allows you to monitor all users activity on any computers in real time and record each computer's usage history. Award keylogger can easily believe that any computer in real time screen shots of all the input keys, visited websites, used programs.
LCD LCM, LCM LCD
2011年4月17日星期日
Design principles and case LED Driver
This article describes the application of special lighting, and then in the DC / DC switching regulator design using constant current and voltage to achieve the basic principles and practical examples described and explained the high power LED driver design and thermal design should pay attention to some of the problems concluded that the application of new high power LED driver design of the new requirements, National Semiconductor is to present a complete solution guide that helps in the LED lighting industry, electronic design engineers the latest design technology LED drive system complete control.
Although no large-scale high-power LED to replace traditional incandescent, but they are indoor and outdoor decoration, special lighting, with more and more applications, so master the development of high-power LED constant current driver design new applications of high power LED is essential. LED's brightness and ability to work can be divided into high-power LED, high brightness LED and general LED. In general, high power LED, at least in the more common power 1W 1W, 3W's, 5W's, 8W and 10W of.
LED constant current driver, LED applications increase the optical efficiency of the design are two key issues, the paper describes the application of high power LED constant current driver program selection guide, and then to National Semiconductor (NS) products, for example, the focus on the constant current LED driver circuit clever use of high power LED to improve the efficiency of the sampling resistor, and gives the high power LED driver design and thermal design considerations.
Driver selection
LED lighting LED driving only a small fraction of the cost, but it is related to the overall system performance reliability. Currently, National Semiconductor's LED driver, mainly in the high-end LED lighting and lighting in the market. Divided into two kinds of indoor and outdoor lighting, LED indoor lamp power applications, because the environment in two ways AC / DC and DC / DC converter, so the choice of driver chips, to be considered from two aspects.
1. AC / DC converter
AC / DC to 220V AC input and 12V AC input. 12V AC, widely used in power halogen hotel, in the design of the existing LED 12V AC to keep the existing conditions. Design for the replacement of halogen, National Semiconductor LM2734's main advantage is small size, high reliability, output current up to 1A, only a small diameter of the characteristics of halogen lamps.
Replacement halogen lamps, LED general 1W or 3W to light. Compared with halogen lamps, LED lamps have two advantages: (1) light source are concentrated, 1W lighting to obtain the equivalent of more than ten watts of halogen light, so more power; (2) LED light than halogen lamps long life.
LED lighting is a major weakness of the angle is too narrow, the cost is relatively high. But in the long run, LED lamp life longer, they still have a very large cost advantage. 220V AC / DC converter (eg LM5021) the stage lights and lock the main street market.
LCD modules, serial lcd module
Although no large-scale high-power LED to replace traditional incandescent, but they are indoor and outdoor decoration, special lighting, with more and more applications, so master the development of high-power LED constant current driver design new applications of high power LED is essential. LED's brightness and ability to work can be divided into high-power LED, high brightness LED and general LED. In general, high power LED, at least in the more common power 1W 1W, 3W's, 5W's, 8W and 10W of.
LED constant current driver, LED applications increase the optical efficiency of the design are two key issues, the paper describes the application of high power LED constant current driver program selection guide, and then to National Semiconductor (NS) products, for example, the focus on the constant current LED driver circuit clever use of high power LED to improve the efficiency of the sampling resistor, and gives the high power LED driver design and thermal design considerations.
Driver selection
LED lighting LED driving only a small fraction of the cost, but it is related to the overall system performance reliability. Currently, National Semiconductor's LED driver, mainly in the high-end LED lighting and lighting in the market. Divided into two kinds of indoor and outdoor lighting, LED indoor lamp power applications, because the environment in two ways AC / DC and DC / DC converter, so the choice of driver chips, to be considered from two aspects.
1. AC / DC converter
AC / DC to 220V AC input and 12V AC input. 12V AC, widely used in power halogen hotel, in the design of the existing LED 12V AC to keep the existing conditions. Design for the replacement of halogen, National Semiconductor LM2734's main advantage is small size, high reliability, output current up to 1A, only a small diameter of the characteristics of halogen lamps.
Replacement halogen lamps, LED general 1W or 3W to light. Compared with halogen lamps, LED lamps have two advantages: (1) light source are concentrated, 1W lighting to obtain the equivalent of more than ten watts of halogen light, so more power; (2) LED light than halogen lamps long life.
LED lighting is a major weakness of the angle is too narrow, the cost is relatively high. But in the long run, LED lamp life longer, they still have a very large cost advantage. 220V AC / DC converter (eg LM5021) the stage lights and lock the main street market.
LCD modules, serial lcd module
I need a new universe is back to surprise the film version of "Spider-Man magic" begins
Remember, this is a new commitment to Spider-Man. I draw my own plans to go wonder why the universe, they are from here ... it's just all the major tidbits.
- Peter Parker is a movie 30 years old, responsible for the daily bugle, he sent photos by J. also taken a meteorite crashed in Central Park's work.
- Have been blocked around the site, by the New York City Police Department, including the Captain George Stacy gathered tons. Peter is dating his daughter, Georgia Wen Sitai West, who is a teacher ... Peter George to get up close to the camera allows scientists.
- At the scene, the black sludge into the shoes of Peter drops.
- Photos returned, Peter Horn, he would return to their apartment, he fell asleep and woke up and saw a black substance in his body crawling.
- He freaks out and watch in awe and decided to take samples, and displays it Gwen.
- He got the science lab Gwen works, and made her and her partner Nasdaq to study it. Gwen's best friend with the Connors, and occasionally look after his son, Billy. They can not figure out what can and leave Peter with them to run more in their research.
- Peter May to visit his aunt to help her move out her house, and in the process discovered by his father, Richard Parker has a basement. He looked and found the blue print by a device - web shooter.
- In this version of the Web striker mechanical and organic.
- Peter, after his father, who is a genius, even in Stark industry for his work lives. Peter completed his father intended to, and decided to use the Web striker to his advantage, to make more money.
- Dr. Gwen Cote has been helping to find a way to Connors, he grew up his arms, he lost in the war. After a long period of time, Connors figure out solutions, and tried to return to reptiles with long DNA. While Gwen talks on the phone that her father, her black mud, Peter brought to her laboratory. George is interested, and in conversation, Connors to use it as lizards symbiotic bacteria to break out of the container and hold it against Gwen. He heard a police officer who quickly arrived at the scene and the bullet this group. The lab is destroyed, and even fire, and Gwen knocked unconscious. Her work is ruined, and in the burning ashes. As well as lizards and symbiotic bacteria are gone to the scene.
- Peter was awarded the call, quickly arrived at the hospital, not even able to see Gwen, but was captain Stacey repremanded, and threatened him, told him that he considers his responsibility, if she did not do a good job, he is dead.
- Peter felt ashamed, and took by going out and playing with his angry mob Web shooter, making him more powerful. To cover up his face, he made Spider-Man costume a home. In the moment, the photos are given to him by Eddie Brock and the daily bugle.
- When Peter came home, he soon dozed off to sleep clothing. Symbiotic bacteria back to his own apartment and attention to him, he was awakened on the Brooklyn Bridge. He felt good about it, and the fluctuations around the striker with the Web, such as the feeling of the world in his palm.
- Peter arrives daily speakers, which j's Jonah Jameson and Joseph "Robbie" Peter Robertson introduced to a new photographer, Eddie Brock. Peter is shocked to see pictures, Block noted that, from his wearing the night before. Peter also comply with the new secretary of the daily bugle, Mary Jane Watson, who is obsessed with Eddie.
- Peter and Mary Jane became good friends to share some wonderful moments. When Peter got home, he saw Gwen told him from the hospital dead voice. It changed him, and vowed to revenge, to stop all crime in New York her.
- Peter talk to, who comforted him in the Mary Jane. Eddie becomes jealous.
- Captain Stacy came up with Spider-Man, who is known to the public is now a search warrant. Stacy know that this is because of his use of Peter Parker symbiotic bacteria.
- Peter rushed into the police station and found a video showing the incident and that the lizard is the main reason for her death, but also see the symbiotic bacteria play a factor. He decided, once he killed the lizard, he will destroy symbiotic bacteria. Stacy used to be because of this video, he knew Stacy know the truth, Peter is not the cause of death of Gwen.
- Peter face Stacy, who found it was a trick on him by the symbiotic bacteria. He told Peter to give up either, otherwise he will be hunted down. Peter decided not to give up his own intentions, the Housitaixi called for his men came to Pitt. Peter escape.
- Peter, from Mary Jane, with information where the lizard, J. Jonah Jameson provides information on the ring. Lizards in the sewers, plans to establish a lizard race.
- Into the sewers, the animals set off a lizard, who, like Connors, Spider-Man were fighting off a formal agreement. Finally, the Spider-Man found lizards, after a terrible battle followed, Spider-Man finally gets the opportunity to attack and kill him, but recognize that lizards in fact, Dr. Connors, the greatest of Wenger friends. In fact, Gwen and even that his son is his own. Peter let him go, and what ideas he has done.
- Spider-Man again and lizards, who over time back into Connors. Spider-Man unmasks himself as Peter, and Connors to help him get rid of symbiotic bacteria.
- Connors trys technology, and fail. A series of attempts, Connors finally found a way to get off Peter symbiotic bacteria and it works perfect. Symbiotic bacteria to combat bit by bit, Connors and Peter to help clear up the mess.
- Later, the symbiotic bacteria to reproduce itself and its decision to the memory of Mary Jane's next victim.
- When the symbiotic bacteria to the Da Mali Jane, Eddie, where drink, sneak into her house, she was gone. It decided, not bound to him, to create venom. Eddie shows all, Peter has been completed with the symbiotic bacteria.
- Eddie stay and hide, when Mary Jane arrived he tried to rape her, but was hit, he decided to use bait to capture Peter her.
- He brought her to an abandoned old building and tie her own ribbon. Symbiotic bacteria have been developed are now able to create anything, Eddie used online image Peter.
- Eddie telephone Peter down, he arrived before that Li Aidi plans to reveal Peter and Peter to kill him directly. The struggle entered a key down, Peter was out after Eddie is about to expose him. Mary Jane then quietly get their own web pages and bound with a fragment of the beat Eddie / Venom.
- Peter get the upper hand, and can eliminate a piece of debris, which makes a loud voice, so that left Eddie symbiotic bacteria symbiotic bacteria. Permanent symbiotic bacteria are killed, and Eddie is weak and unconscious.
- Mary Jane and Spider-Man catch flies, and when he saw the future and his men had Stacey. They share intimate moments, fall in love with Mary Jane and Spider-Man. Peter realized that his feelings for Mary Jane more, and then he realized that he had.
- Film and Peter finished he was told one of his aunts and uncles said, are used to: "With great power comes great responsibility" in the funeral of Gwen Stacy. Captain George Stacy looked like he was saying "I see you," Peter.
- Movies, and then cut to a speech on Peter Gwynne, flying a new set of clothes, he was far away from the fight for their crime as Spider-Man.
intelligent lcd module, LCM interface
- Peter Parker is a movie 30 years old, responsible for the daily bugle, he sent photos by J. also taken a meteorite crashed in Central Park's work.
- Have been blocked around the site, by the New York City Police Department, including the Captain George Stacy gathered tons. Peter is dating his daughter, Georgia Wen Sitai West, who is a teacher ... Peter George to get up close to the camera allows scientists.
- At the scene, the black sludge into the shoes of Peter drops.
- Photos returned, Peter Horn, he would return to their apartment, he fell asleep and woke up and saw a black substance in his body crawling.
- He freaks out and watch in awe and decided to take samples, and displays it Gwen.
- He got the science lab Gwen works, and made her and her partner Nasdaq to study it. Gwen's best friend with the Connors, and occasionally look after his son, Billy. They can not figure out what can and leave Peter with them to run more in their research.
- Peter May to visit his aunt to help her move out her house, and in the process discovered by his father, Richard Parker has a basement. He looked and found the blue print by a device - web shooter.
- In this version of the Web striker mechanical and organic.
- Peter, after his father, who is a genius, even in Stark industry for his work lives. Peter completed his father intended to, and decided to use the Web striker to his advantage, to make more money.
- Dr. Gwen Cote has been helping to find a way to Connors, he grew up his arms, he lost in the war. After a long period of time, Connors figure out solutions, and tried to return to reptiles with long DNA. While Gwen talks on the phone that her father, her black mud, Peter brought to her laboratory. George is interested, and in conversation, Connors to use it as lizards symbiotic bacteria to break out of the container and hold it against Gwen. He heard a police officer who quickly arrived at the scene and the bullet this group. The lab is destroyed, and even fire, and Gwen knocked unconscious. Her work is ruined, and in the burning ashes. As well as lizards and symbiotic bacteria are gone to the scene.
- Peter was awarded the call, quickly arrived at the hospital, not even able to see Gwen, but was captain Stacey repremanded, and threatened him, told him that he considers his responsibility, if she did not do a good job, he is dead.
- Peter felt ashamed, and took by going out and playing with his angry mob Web shooter, making him more powerful. To cover up his face, he made Spider-Man costume a home. In the moment, the photos are given to him by Eddie Brock and the daily bugle.
- When Peter came home, he soon dozed off to sleep clothing. Symbiotic bacteria back to his own apartment and attention to him, he was awakened on the Brooklyn Bridge. He felt good about it, and the fluctuations around the striker with the Web, such as the feeling of the world in his palm.
- Peter arrives daily speakers, which j's Jonah Jameson and Joseph "Robbie" Peter Robertson introduced to a new photographer, Eddie Brock. Peter is shocked to see pictures, Block noted that, from his wearing the night before. Peter also comply with the new secretary of the daily bugle, Mary Jane Watson, who is obsessed with Eddie.
- Peter and Mary Jane became good friends to share some wonderful moments. When Peter got home, he saw Gwen told him from the hospital dead voice. It changed him, and vowed to revenge, to stop all crime in New York her.
- Peter talk to, who comforted him in the Mary Jane. Eddie becomes jealous.
- Captain Stacy came up with Spider-Man, who is known to the public is now a search warrant. Stacy know that this is because of his use of Peter Parker symbiotic bacteria.
- Peter rushed into the police station and found a video showing the incident and that the lizard is the main reason for her death, but also see the symbiotic bacteria play a factor. He decided, once he killed the lizard, he will destroy symbiotic bacteria. Stacy used to be because of this video, he knew Stacy know the truth, Peter is not the cause of death of Gwen.
- Peter face Stacy, who found it was a trick on him by the symbiotic bacteria. He told Peter to give up either, otherwise he will be hunted down. Peter decided not to give up his own intentions, the Housitaixi called for his men came to Pitt. Peter escape.
- Peter, from Mary Jane, with information where the lizard, J. Jonah Jameson provides information on the ring. Lizards in the sewers, plans to establish a lizard race.
- Into the sewers, the animals set off a lizard, who, like Connors, Spider-Man were fighting off a formal agreement. Finally, the Spider-Man found lizards, after a terrible battle followed, Spider-Man finally gets the opportunity to attack and kill him, but recognize that lizards in fact, Dr. Connors, the greatest of Wenger friends. In fact, Gwen and even that his son is his own. Peter let him go, and what ideas he has done.
- Spider-Man again and lizards, who over time back into Connors. Spider-Man unmasks himself as Peter, and Connors to help him get rid of symbiotic bacteria.
- Connors trys technology, and fail. A series of attempts, Connors finally found a way to get off Peter symbiotic bacteria and it works perfect. Symbiotic bacteria to combat bit by bit, Connors and Peter to help clear up the mess.
- Later, the symbiotic bacteria to reproduce itself and its decision to the memory of Mary Jane's next victim.
- When the symbiotic bacteria to the Da Mali Jane, Eddie, where drink, sneak into her house, she was gone. It decided, not bound to him, to create venom. Eddie shows all, Peter has been completed with the symbiotic bacteria.
- Eddie stay and hide, when Mary Jane arrived he tried to rape her, but was hit, he decided to use bait to capture Peter her.
- He brought her to an abandoned old building and tie her own ribbon. Symbiotic bacteria have been developed are now able to create anything, Eddie used online image Peter.
- Eddie telephone Peter down, he arrived before that Li Aidi plans to reveal Peter and Peter to kill him directly. The struggle entered a key down, Peter was out after Eddie is about to expose him. Mary Jane then quietly get their own web pages and bound with a fragment of the beat Eddie / Venom.
- Peter get the upper hand, and can eliminate a piece of debris, which makes a loud voice, so that left Eddie symbiotic bacteria symbiotic bacteria. Permanent symbiotic bacteria are killed, and Eddie is weak and unconscious.
- Mary Jane and Spider-Man catch flies, and when he saw the future and his men had Stacey. They share intimate moments, fall in love with Mary Jane and Spider-Man. Peter realized that his feelings for Mary Jane more, and then he realized that he had.
- Film and Peter finished he was told one of his aunts and uncles said, are used to: "With great power comes great responsibility" in the funeral of Gwen Stacy. Captain George Stacy looked like he was saying "I see you," Peter.
- Movies, and then cut to a speech on Peter Gwynne, flying a new set of clothes, he was far away from the fight for their crime as Spider-Man.
intelligent lcd module, LCM interface
2011年4月15日星期五
Design principles and case LED Driver
This article describes the application of special lighting, and then in the DC / DC switching regulator design using constant current and voltage to achieve the basic principles and practical examples described and explained the high power LED driver design and thermal design should pay attention to some of the problems concluded that the application of new high power LED driver design of the new requirements, National Semiconductor is to present a complete solution guide that helps in the LED lighting industry, electronic design engineers the latest design technology LED drive system complete control.
Although no large-scale high-power LED to replace traditional incandescent, but they are indoor and outdoor decoration, special lighting, with more and more applications, so master the development of high-power LED constant current driver design new applications of high power LED is essential. LED's brightness and ability to work can be divided into high-power LED, high brightness LED and general LED. In general, high power LED, at least in the more common power 1W 1W, 3W's, 5W's, 8W and 10W of.
LED constant current driver, LED applications increase the optical efficiency of the design are two key issues, the paper describes the application of high power LED constant current driver program selection guide, and then to National Semiconductor (NS) products, for example, the focus on the constant current LED driver circuit clever use of high power LED to improve the efficiency of the sampling resistor, and gives the high power LED driver design and thermal design considerations.
Driver selection
LED lighting LED driving only a small fraction of the cost, but it is related to the overall system performance reliability. Currently, National Semiconductor's LED driver, mainly in the high-end LED lighting and lighting in the market. Divided into two kinds of indoor and outdoor lighting, LED indoor lamp power applications, because the environment in two ways AC / DC and DC / DC converter, so the choice of driver chips, to be considered from two aspects.
1. AC / DC converter
AC / DC to 220V AC input and 12V AC input. 12V AC, widely used in power halogen hotel, in the design of the existing LED 12V AC to keep the existing conditions. Design for the replacement of halogen, National Semiconductor LM2734's main advantage is small size, high reliability, output current up to 1A, only a small diameter of the characteristics of halogen lamps.
Replacement halogen lamps, LED general 1W or 3W to light. Compared with halogen lamps, LED lamps have two advantages: (1) light source are concentrated, 1W lighting to obtain the equivalent of more than ten watts of halogen light, so more power; (2) LED light than halogen lamps long life.
LED lighting is a major weakness of the angle is too narrow, the cost is relatively high. But in the long run, LED lamp life longer, they still have a very large cost advantage. 220V AC / DC converter (eg LM5021) the stage lights and lock the main street market.
lcd module display, lcd module serial
Although no large-scale high-power LED to replace traditional incandescent, but they are indoor and outdoor decoration, special lighting, with more and more applications, so master the development of high-power LED constant current driver design new applications of high power LED is essential. LED's brightness and ability to work can be divided into high-power LED, high brightness LED and general LED. In general, high power LED, at least in the more common power 1W 1W, 3W's, 5W's, 8W and 10W of.
LED constant current driver, LED applications increase the optical efficiency of the design are two key issues, the paper describes the application of high power LED constant current driver program selection guide, and then to National Semiconductor (NS) products, for example, the focus on the constant current LED driver circuit clever use of high power LED to improve the efficiency of the sampling resistor, and gives the high power LED driver design and thermal design considerations.
Driver selection
LED lighting LED driving only a small fraction of the cost, but it is related to the overall system performance reliability. Currently, National Semiconductor's LED driver, mainly in the high-end LED lighting and lighting in the market. Divided into two kinds of indoor and outdoor lighting, LED indoor lamp power applications, because the environment in two ways AC / DC and DC / DC converter, so the choice of driver chips, to be considered from two aspects.
1. AC / DC converter
AC / DC to 220V AC input and 12V AC input. 12V AC, widely used in power halogen hotel, in the design of the existing LED 12V AC to keep the existing conditions. Design for the replacement of halogen, National Semiconductor LM2734's main advantage is small size, high reliability, output current up to 1A, only a small diameter of the characteristics of halogen lamps.
Replacement halogen lamps, LED general 1W or 3W to light. Compared with halogen lamps, LED lamps have two advantages: (1) light source are concentrated, 1W lighting to obtain the equivalent of more than ten watts of halogen light, so more power; (2) LED light than halogen lamps long life.
LED lighting is a major weakness of the angle is too narrow, the cost is relatively high. But in the long run, LED lamp life longer, they still have a very large cost advantage. 220V AC / DC converter (eg LM5021) the stage lights and lock the main street market.
lcd module display, lcd module serial
Amazing movie universe, "Spider-Man magic"
I need a new universe is back to surprise the film version of "Spider-Man magic" begins.
Remember, this is a new commitment to Spider-Man. I draw my own plans to go wonder why the universe, they are from here ... it's just all the major tidbits.
- Peter Parker is a movie 30 years old, responsible for the daily bugle, he sent photos by J. also taken a meteorite crashed in Central Park's work.
- Have been blocked around the site, by the New York City Police Department, including the Captain George Stacy gathered tons. Peter is dating his daughter, Georgia Wen Sitai West, who is a teacher ... Peter George to get up close to the camera allows scientists.
- At the scene, the black sludge into the shoes of Peter drops.
- Photos returned, Peter Horn, he would return to their apartment, he fell asleep and woke up and saw a black substance in his body crawling.
- He freaks out and watch in awe and decided to take samples, and displays it Gwen.
- He got the science lab Gwen works, and made her and her partner Nasdaq to study it. Gwen's best friend with the Connors, and occasionally look after his son, Billy. They can not figure out what can and leave Peter with them to run more in their research.
- Peter May to visit his aunt to help her move out her house, and in the process discovered by his father, Richard Parker has a basement. He looked and found the blue print by a device - web shooter.
- In this version of the Web striker mechanical and organic.
- Peter, after his father, who is a genius, even in Stark industry for his work lives. Peter completed his father intended to, and decided to use the Web striker to his advantage, to make more money.
- Dr. Gwen Cote has been helping to find a way to Connors, he grew up his arms, he lost in the war. After a long period of time, Connors figure out solutions, and tried to return to reptiles with long DNA. While Gwen talks on the phone that her father, her black mud, Peter brought to her laboratory. George is interested, and in conversation, Connors to use it as lizards symbiotic bacteria to break out of the container and hold it against Gwen. He heard a police officer who quickly arrived at the scene and the bullet this group. The lab is destroyed, and even fire, and Gwen knocked unconscious. Her work is ruined, and in the burning ashes. As well as lizards and symbiotic bacteria are gone to the scene.
- Peter was awarded the call, quickly arrived at the hospital, not even able to see Gwen, but was captain Stacey repremanded, and threatened him, told him that he considers his responsibility, if she did not do a good job, he is dead.
- Peter felt ashamed, and took by going out and playing with his angry mob Web shooter, making him more powerful. To cover up his face, he made Spider-Man costume a home. In the moment, the photos are given to him by Eddie Brock and the daily bugle.
- When Peter came home, he soon dozed off to sleep clothing. Symbiotic bacteria back to his own apartment and attention to him, he was awakened on the Brooklyn Bridge. He felt good about it, and the fluctuations around the striker with the Web, such as the feeling of the world in his palm.
- Peter arrives daily speakers, which j's Jonah Jameson and Joseph "Robbie" Peter Robertson introduced to a new photographer, Eddie Brock. Peter is shocked to see pictures, Block noted that, from his wearing the night before. Peter also comply with the new secretary of the daily bugle, Mary Jane Watson, who is obsessed with Eddie.
- Peter and Mary Jane became good friends to share some wonderful moments. When Peter got home, he saw Gwen told him from the hospital dead voice. It changed him, and vowed to revenge, to stop all crime in New York her.
- Peter talk to, who comforted him in the Mary Jane. Eddie becomes jealous.
- Captain Stacy came up with Spider-Man, who is known to the public is now a search warrant. Stacy know that this is because of his use of Peter Parker symbiotic bacteria.
- Peter rushed into the police station and found a video showing the incident and that the lizard is the main reason for her death, but also see the symbiotic bacteria play a factor. He decided, once he killed the lizard, he will destroy symbiotic bacteria. Stacy used to be because of this video, he knew Stacy know the truth, Peter is not the cause of death of Gwen.
- Peter face Stacy, who found it was a trick on him by the symbiotic bacteria. He told Peter to give up either, otherwise he will be hunted down. Peter decided not to give up his own intentions, the Housitaixi called for his men came to Pitt. Peter escape.
- Peter, from Mary Jane, with information where the lizard, J. Jonah Jameson provides information on the ring. Lizards in the sewers, plans to establish a lizard race.
- Into the sewers, the animals set off a lizard, who, like Connors, Spider-Man were fighting off a formal agreement. Finally, the Spider-Man found lizards, after a terrible battle followed, Spider-Man finally gets the opportunity to attack and kill him, but recognize that lizards in fact, Dr. Connors, the greatest of Wenger friends. In fact, Gwen and even that his son is his own. Peter let him go, and what ideas he has done.
- Spider-Man again and lizards, who over time back into Connors. Spider-Man unmasks himself as Peter, and Connors to help him get rid of symbiotic bacteria.
- Connors trys technology, and fail. A series of attempts, Connors finally found a way to get off Peter symbiotic bacteria and it works perfect. Symbiotic bacteria to combat bit by bit, Connors and Peter to help clear up the mess.
- Later, the symbiotic bacteria to reproduce itself and its decision to the memory of Mary Jane's next victim.
- When the symbiotic bacteria to the Da Mali Jane, Eddie, where drink, sneak into her house, she was gone. It decided, not bound to him, to create venom. Eddie shows all, Peter has been completed with the symbiotic bacteria.
- Eddie stay and hide, when Mary Jane arrived he tried to rape her, but was hit, he decided to use bait to capture Peter her.
- He brought her to an abandoned old building and tie her own ribbon. Symbiotic bacteria have been developed are now able to create anything, Eddie used online image Peter.
- Eddie telephone Peter down, he arrived before that Li Aidi plans to reveal Peter and Peter to kill him directly. The struggle entered a key down, Peter was out after Eddie is about to expose him. Mary Jane then quietly get their own web pages and bound with a fragment of the beat Eddie / Venom.
- Peter get the upper hand, and can eliminate a piece of debris, which makes a loud voice, so that left Eddie symbiotic bacteria symbiotic bacteria. Permanent symbiotic bacteria are killed, and Eddie is weak and unconscious.
- Mary Jane and Spider-Man catch flies, and when he saw the future and his men had Stacey. They share intimate moments, fall in love with Mary Jane and Spider-Man. Peter realized that his feelings for Mary Jane more, and then he realized that he had.
- Film and Peter finished he was told one of his aunts and uncles said, are used to: "With great power comes great responsibility" in the funeral of Gwen Stacy. Captain George Stacy looked like he was saying "I see you," Peter.
- Movies, and then cut to a speech on Peter Gwynne, flying a new set of clothes, he was far away from the fight for their crime as Spider-Man.
touch screen lcd module, lcd touch screen module
Remember, this is a new commitment to Spider-Man. I draw my own plans to go wonder why the universe, they are from here ... it's just all the major tidbits.
- Peter Parker is a movie 30 years old, responsible for the daily bugle, he sent photos by J. also taken a meteorite crashed in Central Park's work.
- Have been blocked around the site, by the New York City Police Department, including the Captain George Stacy gathered tons. Peter is dating his daughter, Georgia Wen Sitai West, who is a teacher ... Peter George to get up close to the camera allows scientists.
- At the scene, the black sludge into the shoes of Peter drops.
- Photos returned, Peter Horn, he would return to their apartment, he fell asleep and woke up and saw a black substance in his body crawling.
- He freaks out and watch in awe and decided to take samples, and displays it Gwen.
- He got the science lab Gwen works, and made her and her partner Nasdaq to study it. Gwen's best friend with the Connors, and occasionally look after his son, Billy. They can not figure out what can and leave Peter with them to run more in their research.
- Peter May to visit his aunt to help her move out her house, and in the process discovered by his father, Richard Parker has a basement. He looked and found the blue print by a device - web shooter.
- In this version of the Web striker mechanical and organic.
- Peter, after his father, who is a genius, even in Stark industry for his work lives. Peter completed his father intended to, and decided to use the Web striker to his advantage, to make more money.
- Dr. Gwen Cote has been helping to find a way to Connors, he grew up his arms, he lost in the war. After a long period of time, Connors figure out solutions, and tried to return to reptiles with long DNA. While Gwen talks on the phone that her father, her black mud, Peter brought to her laboratory. George is interested, and in conversation, Connors to use it as lizards symbiotic bacteria to break out of the container and hold it against Gwen. He heard a police officer who quickly arrived at the scene and the bullet this group. The lab is destroyed, and even fire, and Gwen knocked unconscious. Her work is ruined, and in the burning ashes. As well as lizards and symbiotic bacteria are gone to the scene.
- Peter was awarded the call, quickly arrived at the hospital, not even able to see Gwen, but was captain Stacey repremanded, and threatened him, told him that he considers his responsibility, if she did not do a good job, he is dead.
- Peter felt ashamed, and took by going out and playing with his angry mob Web shooter, making him more powerful. To cover up his face, he made Spider-Man costume a home. In the moment, the photos are given to him by Eddie Brock and the daily bugle.
- When Peter came home, he soon dozed off to sleep clothing. Symbiotic bacteria back to his own apartment and attention to him, he was awakened on the Brooklyn Bridge. He felt good about it, and the fluctuations around the striker with the Web, such as the feeling of the world in his palm.
- Peter arrives daily speakers, which j's Jonah Jameson and Joseph "Robbie" Peter Robertson introduced to a new photographer, Eddie Brock. Peter is shocked to see pictures, Block noted that, from his wearing the night before. Peter also comply with the new secretary of the daily bugle, Mary Jane Watson, who is obsessed with Eddie.
- Peter and Mary Jane became good friends to share some wonderful moments. When Peter got home, he saw Gwen told him from the hospital dead voice. It changed him, and vowed to revenge, to stop all crime in New York her.
- Peter talk to, who comforted him in the Mary Jane. Eddie becomes jealous.
- Captain Stacy came up with Spider-Man, who is known to the public is now a search warrant. Stacy know that this is because of his use of Peter Parker symbiotic bacteria.
- Peter rushed into the police station and found a video showing the incident and that the lizard is the main reason for her death, but also see the symbiotic bacteria play a factor. He decided, once he killed the lizard, he will destroy symbiotic bacteria. Stacy used to be because of this video, he knew Stacy know the truth, Peter is not the cause of death of Gwen.
- Peter face Stacy, who found it was a trick on him by the symbiotic bacteria. He told Peter to give up either, otherwise he will be hunted down. Peter decided not to give up his own intentions, the Housitaixi called for his men came to Pitt. Peter escape.
- Peter, from Mary Jane, with information where the lizard, J. Jonah Jameson provides information on the ring. Lizards in the sewers, plans to establish a lizard race.
- Into the sewers, the animals set off a lizard, who, like Connors, Spider-Man were fighting off a formal agreement. Finally, the Spider-Man found lizards, after a terrible battle followed, Spider-Man finally gets the opportunity to attack and kill him, but recognize that lizards in fact, Dr. Connors, the greatest of Wenger friends. In fact, Gwen and even that his son is his own. Peter let him go, and what ideas he has done.
- Spider-Man again and lizards, who over time back into Connors. Spider-Man unmasks himself as Peter, and Connors to help him get rid of symbiotic bacteria.
- Connors trys technology, and fail. A series of attempts, Connors finally found a way to get off Peter symbiotic bacteria and it works perfect. Symbiotic bacteria to combat bit by bit, Connors and Peter to help clear up the mess.
- Later, the symbiotic bacteria to reproduce itself and its decision to the memory of Mary Jane's next victim.
- When the symbiotic bacteria to the Da Mali Jane, Eddie, where drink, sneak into her house, she was gone. It decided, not bound to him, to create venom. Eddie shows all, Peter has been completed with the symbiotic bacteria.
- Eddie stay and hide, when Mary Jane arrived he tried to rape her, but was hit, he decided to use bait to capture Peter her.
- He brought her to an abandoned old building and tie her own ribbon. Symbiotic bacteria have been developed are now able to create anything, Eddie used online image Peter.
- Eddie telephone Peter down, he arrived before that Li Aidi plans to reveal Peter and Peter to kill him directly. The struggle entered a key down, Peter was out after Eddie is about to expose him. Mary Jane then quietly get their own web pages and bound with a fragment of the beat Eddie / Venom.
- Peter get the upper hand, and can eliminate a piece of debris, which makes a loud voice, so that left Eddie symbiotic bacteria symbiotic bacteria. Permanent symbiotic bacteria are killed, and Eddie is weak and unconscious.
- Mary Jane and Spider-Man catch flies, and when he saw the future and his men had Stacey. They share intimate moments, fall in love with Mary Jane and Spider-Man. Peter realized that his feelings for Mary Jane more, and then he realized that he had.
- Film and Peter finished he was told one of his aunts and uncles said, are used to: "With great power comes great responsibility" in the funeral of Gwen Stacy. Captain George Stacy looked like he was saying "I see you," Peter.
- Movies, and then cut to a speech on Peter Gwynne, flying a new set of clothes, he was far away from the fight for their crime as Spider-Man.
touch screen lcd module, lcd touch screen module
2011年4月13日星期三
Lawn chair millionaire (LCM), which is how it works? Tip: I'ts not what you think!
About a half months ago, my father sent me to this plan, he found an e-mail. In fact, he had to join and pay the registration fee. The program is a lawn chair millionaire (LCM) of the. He wanted my opinion this system, so he sent his user name and password so that I can access the background. Although I have access to the complete program, I want to see this product, if I do not, I want to see my father moved to see his actions.
I immediately went to the site immediately and LCD display module has an interesting twist with the capture page! For those of you may be a new network marketing (IM), please allow me to explain what is to capture the page.
A page or squeeze page just wins to capture the reader, or extruded from some type of information is usually an e-mail address and name, and sometimes more pages. Failure to do so dark, but by voluntary readers. Capture the content of web pages often provide some value (that is, providing valuable information or free) beyond the page and get everything in order to provide, access to required information must be entered. Enter the information has a website, in the precious name and email address in the form, he / she may increase their prospect / customer list owner a certain value. The names and e-mail address, and then placed in a database and provide benefits for current or future use. Sometimes, this information shared or sold to other businesses, unless otherwise indicated.
Lawn chair millionaire (LCM's) capture page is absolutely wonderful! This counter has called MONEYLINE pool. In increasing the amount of the counter, signing and joining the system in reality a part of that money would be my pool immediately. I can imagine, this page will give up a large proportion of visitors to squeeze their email addresses to keep abreast of the details about this program. Although there into the background, I think I am as a person to this new system, so I rarely use e-mail address and my name, to advance to the input from the page. Similarly, if you're new to this, allow me to explain the purpose of the course page.
So, a promotional web page design for the asphalt or to sell you something. These principles are the same type of any sales or offline. Now, if analyzed, a product of the promotional page, you can tell you a lot about the effectiveness of the product. Things get a bit tricky, when we deal with intangible products, such as chair millionaire system. For these types of intangible products or information space to walk without giving away the secret of the actual give you enough information to make informed decisions thread. In any case, you should have what this product can do for you before you make a decision will be a clear understanding.
So, I learned the pitch from the chair millionaire / sales page? ? Absolutely not! At first I thought maybe I lost some things, but one page (5 of them) there is nothing but Moneyline pool (that is, to create brilliant, designed to appeal to me) and a bunch of double talk with the recommended load. There is absolutely no give me any information about this product to benefit me or how I can use it to make money clarity. I can determine, however, is a MLM program type. I like the pyramid schemes, but not good enough for me. I give up any money, I need to determine how I will promote this product to others, creating a down line. I think if I can promote it to others, so they can push it, we all benefit. Lawn chair millionaires do not have the information in their remote pitch clear.
I hope this gives you time to consider what looking to join any of the products or systems, especially when it needs your money to start a number of clues. But I know what you want to know what is in the background? Remember, all through the course of this exploration, I have not logged into the background. Now is the time to see what happened how is it? ? What was my father's share of the Moneyline pool (how much money has been sitting in his account)? How the system really work? I could really do with the lawn chair millionaire money? The answers will shock you!
TFT lcd module, lcd driver
I immediately went to the site immediately and LCD display module has an interesting twist with the capture page! For those of you may be a new network marketing (IM), please allow me to explain what is to capture the page.
A page or squeeze page just wins to capture the reader, or extruded from some type of information is usually an e-mail address and name, and sometimes more pages. Failure to do so dark, but by voluntary readers. Capture the content of web pages often provide some value (that is, providing valuable information or free) beyond the page and get everything in order to provide, access to required information must be entered. Enter the information has a website, in the precious name and email address in the form, he / she may increase their prospect / customer list owner a certain value. The names and e-mail address, and then placed in a database and provide benefits for current or future use. Sometimes, this information shared or sold to other businesses, unless otherwise indicated.
Lawn chair millionaire (LCM's) capture page is absolutely wonderful! This counter has called MONEYLINE pool. In increasing the amount of the counter, signing and joining the system in reality a part of that money would be my pool immediately. I can imagine, this page will give up a large proportion of visitors to squeeze their email addresses to keep abreast of the details about this program. Although there into the background, I think I am as a person to this new system, so I rarely use e-mail address and my name, to advance to the input from the page. Similarly, if you're new to this, allow me to explain the purpose of the course page.
So, a promotional web page design for the asphalt or to sell you something. These principles are the same type of any sales or offline. Now, if analyzed, a product of the promotional page, you can tell you a lot about the effectiveness of the product. Things get a bit tricky, when we deal with intangible products, such as chair millionaire system. For these types of intangible products or information space to walk without giving away the secret of the actual give you enough information to make informed decisions thread. In any case, you should have what this product can do for you before you make a decision will be a clear understanding.
So, I learned the pitch from the chair millionaire / sales page? ? Absolutely not! At first I thought maybe I lost some things, but one page (5 of them) there is nothing but Moneyline pool (that is, to create brilliant, designed to appeal to me) and a bunch of double talk with the recommended load. There is absolutely no give me any information about this product to benefit me or how I can use it to make money clarity. I can determine, however, is a MLM program type. I like the pyramid schemes, but not good enough for me. I give up any money, I need to determine how I will promote this product to others, creating a down line. I think if I can promote it to others, so they can push it, we all benefit. Lawn chair millionaires do not have the information in their remote pitch clear.
I hope this gives you time to consider what looking to join any of the products or systems, especially when it needs your money to start a number of clues. But I know what you want to know what is in the background? Remember, all through the course of this exploration, I have not logged into the background. Now is the time to see what happened how is it? ? What was my father's share of the Moneyline pool (how much money has been sitting in his account)? How the system really work? I could really do with the lawn chair millionaire money? The answers will shock you!
TFT lcd module, lcd driver
ATI's display driver: production of 3 D may
When it comes to computer games, look at the issue. This does not mean it all worthwhile, of course, a great game, there is no compelling image. Nevertheless, an exciting video game introduction goes a long way to go, when it comes to video game impression. If the game itself is a prelude to match the graphics, then you go half.
In the latest trend in video game graphics to make them in 3 days or more, it sounds complicated, but first it actually has some programming advantages over 2 d, most importantly, video game developers need only create a "skeleton" When they form a character or structure. Then, clothes, items and accessories can be increased. In the 2 D programming, a wizard must be created whenever a new item of clothing or worn by a character. So, if you have a character, find a hood, a sword and a horse in the race, at least to create four wizard, plus any items (mask and sword, for example) a combination of creating the wizard.
In addition, 3 D allows gamers to see the perspective of a character without any further planning or structure. Similarly, the 2 D requests for surrender to the desired angle different from any wizard.
On the other hand, the transfer requires a 3 D 3 than D, which is why you need a high graphics computer graphics processing units require higher processing speed. ATI in this unit is the most famous name, has occupied a number of years in the market.
However, there is a problem sometimes encountered in the player, but can be very frustrating. In order to work properly, the graphics processing unit requires the corresponding driver. As ATI's graphics processing unit, usually with computers, it is necessary for the user to find the ATI display drivers, they need to upgrade them.
The most common place to find ATI display driver is on the Internet, of course. However, it can become more difficult than it seems at first. Of course, "ATI Display Driver" Google search provides you with thousands of results, but good luck finding a real job. Another problem is trying to find the ATI display drivers, your operating system work.
If you do not want to spend time on the Internet, why do not you try to automatically find and update those programs for your ATI display driver? They did not so expensive, they update all your drivers on the computer, not only the display driver.
LCD TFT module, display terminal serial
In the latest trend in video game graphics to make them in 3 days or more, it sounds complicated, but first it actually has some programming advantages over 2 d, most importantly, video game developers need only create a "skeleton" When they form a character or structure. Then, clothes, items and accessories can be increased. In the 2 D programming, a wizard must be created whenever a new item of clothing or worn by a character. So, if you have a character, find a hood, a sword and a horse in the race, at least to create four wizard, plus any items (mask and sword, for example) a combination of creating the wizard.
In addition, 3 D allows gamers to see the perspective of a character without any further planning or structure. Similarly, the 2 D requests for surrender to the desired angle different from any wizard.
On the other hand, the transfer requires a 3 D 3 than D, which is why you need a high graphics computer graphics processing units require higher processing speed. ATI in this unit is the most famous name, has occupied a number of years in the market.
However, there is a problem sometimes encountered in the player, but can be very frustrating. In order to work properly, the graphics processing unit requires the corresponding driver. As ATI's graphics processing unit, usually with computers, it is necessary for the user to find the ATI display drivers, they need to upgrade them.
The most common place to find ATI display driver is on the Internet, of course. However, it can become more difficult than it seems at first. Of course, "ATI Display Driver" Google search provides you with thousands of results, but good luck finding a real job. Another problem is trying to find the ATI display drivers, your operating system work.
If you do not want to spend time on the Internet, why do not you try to automatically find and update those programs for your ATI display driver? They did not so expensive, they update all your drivers on the computer, not only the display driver.
LCD TFT module, display terminal serial
2011年4月12日星期二
Review Akiles DuoMac C51 plastic comb and 5:1 pitch coil binding machine combinations
5:1 as the only course the combination of the unique binding system on the market positioning, in the Akiles DuoMac C51 is designed for those who want a one machine can do all the various styles of binding solution . Here is what we think the C51 DuoMac outline the strengths and weaknesses.
Advantages:
The main features of the DuoMac C51 is that it is the only pitch five to a combination of plastic comb and spiral coil binding on the market system. This machine, you can punch, can be used for plastic comb, there is also a comb opener to complete the process model. There is also a strong silk, so you can use this machine, so you can bind books and a little, and durable, elegant spiral O-file. We think this is pretty good but some of the versatility of a machine.
In other words, the only way a machine can do this is a combination of three different ways. Three different looks in one machine. This is a very binding machines unusual in the world, you can see this will be true for any size business you want some type of document, they want the flexibility to produce a great advantage.
Comb binding is the cheapest, easiest and most common on the market system of binding and DuoMac C51 capable of producing a book from the three sixteenths comb bound to two inches in diameter.
Five to one pitch spiral coil provides a sophisticated professional look and DuoMac C51 is able to pull it off the market only one machine. This is a special opportunity for those who want to document their more unique look, great news.
Other, and DuoMac C51 to the more powerful features to deal with some operations, the machine's safe, fast, easy to use, continuous punching guide, - a very important ability of the machine there are so many - a deep punch margin control. This feature helps to ensure real durability and practicality of the finished book.
Disadvantages:
When you strive to create such a versatile machine, we assume that the inevitable is going to have to be excluded. That being said, we would have liked to see an electric spiral coil insert inside. You can not have everything, but despite this, we strongly recommend that if you plan to do a lot of spiral coil binding, you will find a separate insertion device to go with DuoMac C51's together.
Many functions to handle a lot. We suspect this may not be a binding selection of the most important aspects of the system, but it looks a bit bulky DuoMac C51, and has a larger footprint than you might expect.
You should know that if you do the 5-1 pitch some binding plan, you will need to be prepared in advance so that on-hand supplies, because they can be a little hard to find, or may take a few days to conduct a sort.
TFT lcd module, lcd driver
Advantages:
The main features of the DuoMac C51 is that it is the only pitch five to a combination of plastic comb and spiral coil binding on the market system. This machine, you can punch, can be used for plastic comb, there is also a comb opener to complete the process model. There is also a strong silk, so you can use this machine, so you can bind books and a little, and durable, elegant spiral O-file. We think this is pretty good but some of the versatility of a machine.
In other words, the only way a machine can do this is a combination of three different ways. Three different looks in one machine. This is a very binding machines unusual in the world, you can see this will be true for any size business you want some type of document, they want the flexibility to produce a great advantage.
Comb binding is the cheapest, easiest and most common on the market system of binding and DuoMac C51 capable of producing a book from the three sixteenths comb bound to two inches in diameter.
Five to one pitch spiral coil provides a sophisticated professional look and DuoMac C51 is able to pull it off the market only one machine. This is a special opportunity for those who want to document their more unique look, great news.
Other, and DuoMac C51 to the more powerful features to deal with some operations, the machine's safe, fast, easy to use, continuous punching guide, - a very important ability of the machine there are so many - a deep punch margin control. This feature helps to ensure real durability and practicality of the finished book.
Disadvantages:
When you strive to create such a versatile machine, we assume that the inevitable is going to have to be excluded. That being said, we would have liked to see an electric spiral coil insert inside. You can not have everything, but despite this, we strongly recommend that if you plan to do a lot of spiral coil binding, you will find a separate insertion device to go with DuoMac C51's together.
Many functions to handle a lot. We suspect this may not be a binding selection of the most important aspects of the system, but it looks a bit bulky DuoMac C51, and has a larger footprint than you might expect.
You should know that if you do the 5-1 pitch some binding plan, you will need to be prepared in advance so that on-hand supplies, because they can be a little hard to find, or may take a few days to conduct a sort.
TFT lcd module, lcd driver
Principle of PIC microcontrollers
According to statistics, China's single chip has reached 1-3 million units of capacity, and about 16% annual growth rate, but compared to the world market share in China is less than 1%. This shows that SCM applications in China has just started, there are broad prospects. SCM application training personnel, especially in the engineering and technical personnel in the popularization of knowledge of SCM has important practical significance.
Dazzling array of today's SCM vendor, product performance varies. Specific situation, we should choose what type it? First, we come to understand two concepts: focus on instruction set (CISC) and Reduced Instruction Set (RISC). CISC microcontroller with the structure of the data lines and command line time-multiplexing, the so-called Von. Neumann structure. It commands a rich, more powerful, but to take instructions and data can not be taken at the same time, the speed is limited and prices are high. RISC microcontroller with the structure of the data lines and command line of separation, the so-called Harvard architecture. This allows the instruction fetch and data can be obtained simultaneously, and the width of the data due to the general command line, more similar to CISC Microcontroller instruction more processing instructions contain information on the implementation of more efficient, speed is also faster. At the same time, this single chip single-instruction multiple-byte program memory space utilization greatly increased, to realizing ultra-small. There are CISC MCU structure Intel8051 series, Motorola and M68HC series, Atmel's AT89 series, Taiwan Winbond (Winbond) W78 series, the Netherlands Pilips the PCF80C51 series; is a RISC structure Microchip's PIC series, Zilog's Z86 Series , Atmel's AT90S series, Samsung's Series 4-bit microcontroller KS57C, Taiwan Elan's EM-78 series. In general, the control relationship than the simple small appliances, you can use RISC-based microcontroller; control relationship more complex situations, such as telecommunications products, industrial control systems should be used CISC microcontrollers. However, RISC microcontroller rapid improvement of relations between its leader in the control where no less complex.
According to the different ways of program memory, the microcontroller can be divided into EPROM, OTP (one-time programmable), QTP (mask) three. The beginning of a microcontroller are used ROMless type (chip-free ROM, need to chip with EPROM), the popularity of the microcontroller play a significant role, but the emphasis on widely used interface MCU can not even enter into a misunderstanding. If only emphasizes the application of single chip interfaces, external I / O and memory, will lose the characteristics of the microcontroller. Currently most of the microcontroller program memory within the body was placed, to the application brought great convenience. It is worth mentioning that in the past the price of OTP MCU QTP 3 times, and now has dropped to 1.5-1.2 times the OTP type used to avoid order cycle, the bulk of the trouble is desirable.
Second, PIC MCU What are the advantages?
Since I MCU PIC 95 years since exposure, has been keen on the development and application of such a single chip. Many of my friends asked me: PIC in the end What are the advantages? Maybe you'll have this question, so here I am talking about some of the views a little.
1) PIC biggest feature is not to engage in a simple function of accumulation, but from reality, attention to product performance and price ratio, by the development of a variety of models to meet the application requirements of different levels. In practical terms, the application of different features and resources on the MCU needs are different. For example, the ignition of a motorcycle requires a I / O low, RAM and program memory space for small, high reliability, small microcontroller, the use of a 40-pin microcontroller and powerful, is not that large investment, but also to use inconvenient. PIC series from low to high with dozens of models to meet various needs. Which, IC12C508 only 8 pin MCU, is the world's smallest single chip, the model has 512 bytes of ROM, 25 bytes of RAM, an 8-bit timer, an input line, 5 I / O lines, the market price of 3-6 yuan in RMB. Such a microcontroller such as the motorcycle ignition is undoubtedly very suitable for the application. According to statistics, China's single chip has reached 1-3 million units of capacity, and about 16% annual growth rate, but compared to the world market share in China is less than 1%. This shows that SCM applications in China has just started, there are broad prospects. SCM application training personnel, especially in the engineering and technical personnel in the popularization of knowledge of SCM has important practical significance.
Dazzling array of today's SCM vendor, product performance varies. Specific situation, we should choose what type it? First, we come to understand two concepts: focus on instruction set (CISC) and Reduced Instruction Set (RISC). CISC microcontroller with the structure of the data lines and command line time-multiplexing, the so-called Von. Neumann structure. It commands a rich, more powerful, but to take instructions and data can not be taken at the same time, the speed is limited and prices are high. RISC microcontroller with the structure of the data lines and command line of separation, the so-called Harvard architecture. This allows the instruction fetch and data can be obtained simultaneously, and the width of the data due to the general command line, more similar to CISC Microcontroller instruction more processing instructions contain information on the implementation of more efficient, speed is also faster. At the same time, this single chip single-instruction multiple-byte program memory space utilization greatly increased, to realizing ultra-small. There are CISC MCU structure Intel8051 series, Motorola and M68HC series, Atmel's AT89 series, Taiwan Winbond (Winbond) W78 series, the Netherlands Pilips the PCF80C51 series; is a RISC structure Microchip's PIC series, Zilog's Z86 Series , Atmel's AT90S series, Samsung's Series 4-bit microcontroller KS57C, Taiwan Elan's EM-78 series. In general, the control relationship than the simple small appliances, you can use RISC-based microcontroller; control relationship more complex situations, such as telecommunications products, industrial control systems should be used CISC microcontrollers. However, RISC microcontroller rapid improvement of relations between its leader in the control where no less complex.
According to the different ways of program memory, the microcontroller can be divided into EPROM, OTP (one-time programmable), QTP (mask) three. The beginning of a microcontroller are used ROMless type (chip-free ROM, need to chip with EPROM), the popularity of the microcontroller play a significant role, but the emphasis on widely used interface MCU can not even enter into a misunderstanding. If only emphasizes the application of single chip interfaces, external I / O and memory, will lose the characteristics of the microcontroller. Currently most of the microcontroller program memory within the body was placed, to the application brought great convenience. It is worth mentioning that in the past the price of OTP MCU QTP 3 times, and now has dropped to 1.5-1.2 times the OTP type used to avoid order cycle, the bulk of the trouble is desirable.
Second, PIC MCU What are the advantages?
Since I MCU PIC 95 years since exposure, has been keen on the development and application of such a single chip. Many of my friends asked me: PIC in the end What are the advantages? Maybe you'll have this question, so here I am talking about some of the views a little.
1) PIC biggest feature is not to engage in a simple function of accumulation, but from reality, attention to product performance and price ratio, by the development of a variety of models to meet the application requirements of different levels. In practical terms, the application of different features and resources on the MCU needs are different. For example, the ignition of a motorcycle requires a I / O low, RAM and program memory space for small, high reliability, small microcontroller, the use of a 40-pin microcontroller and powerful, is not that large investment, but also to use inconvenient. PIC series from low to high with dozens of models to meet various needs. Which, IC12C508 only 8 pin MCU, is the world's smallest single chip, the model has 512 bytes of ROM, 25 bytes of RAM, an 8-bit timer, an input line, 5 I / O lines, the market price of 3-6 yuan in RMB. Such a microcontroller such as the motorcycle ignition is undoubtedly very suitable for the application.
LCD TFT module, display terminal serial
Dazzling array of today's SCM vendor, product performance varies. Specific situation, we should choose what type it? First, we come to understand two concepts: focus on instruction set (CISC) and Reduced Instruction Set (RISC). CISC microcontroller with the structure of the data lines and command line time-multiplexing, the so-called Von. Neumann structure. It commands a rich, more powerful, but to take instructions and data can not be taken at the same time, the speed is limited and prices are high. RISC microcontroller with the structure of the data lines and command line of separation, the so-called Harvard architecture. This allows the instruction fetch and data can be obtained simultaneously, and the width of the data due to the general command line, more similar to CISC Microcontroller instruction more processing instructions contain information on the implementation of more efficient, speed is also faster. At the same time, this single chip single-instruction multiple-byte program memory space utilization greatly increased, to realizing ultra-small. There are CISC MCU structure Intel8051 series, Motorola and M68HC series, Atmel's AT89 series, Taiwan Winbond (Winbond) W78 series, the Netherlands Pilips the PCF80C51 series; is a RISC structure Microchip's PIC series, Zilog's Z86 Series , Atmel's AT90S series, Samsung's Series 4-bit microcontroller KS57C, Taiwan Elan's EM-78 series. In general, the control relationship than the simple small appliances, you can use RISC-based microcontroller; control relationship more complex situations, such as telecommunications products, industrial control systems should be used CISC microcontrollers. However, RISC microcontroller rapid improvement of relations between its leader in the control where no less complex.
According to the different ways of program memory, the microcontroller can be divided into EPROM, OTP (one-time programmable), QTP (mask) three. The beginning of a microcontroller are used ROMless type (chip-free ROM, need to chip with EPROM), the popularity of the microcontroller play a significant role, but the emphasis on widely used interface MCU can not even enter into a misunderstanding. If only emphasizes the application of single chip interfaces, external I / O and memory, will lose the characteristics of the microcontroller. Currently most of the microcontroller program memory within the body was placed, to the application brought great convenience. It is worth mentioning that in the past the price of OTP MCU QTP 3 times, and now has dropped to 1.5-1.2 times the OTP type used to avoid order cycle, the bulk of the trouble is desirable.
Second, PIC MCU What are the advantages?
Since I MCU PIC 95 years since exposure, has been keen on the development and application of such a single chip. Many of my friends asked me: PIC in the end What are the advantages? Maybe you'll have this question, so here I am talking about some of the views a little.
1) PIC biggest feature is not to engage in a simple function of accumulation, but from reality, attention to product performance and price ratio, by the development of a variety of models to meet the application requirements of different levels. In practical terms, the application of different features and resources on the MCU needs are different. For example, the ignition of a motorcycle requires a I / O low, RAM and program memory space for small, high reliability, small microcontroller, the use of a 40-pin microcontroller and powerful, is not that large investment, but also to use inconvenient. PIC series from low to high with dozens of models to meet various needs. Which, IC12C508 only 8 pin MCU, is the world's smallest single chip, the model has 512 bytes of ROM, 25 bytes of RAM, an 8-bit timer, an input line, 5 I / O lines, the market price of 3-6 yuan in RMB. Such a microcontroller such as the motorcycle ignition is undoubtedly very suitable for the application. According to statistics, China's single chip has reached 1-3 million units of capacity, and about 16% annual growth rate, but compared to the world market share in China is less than 1%. This shows that SCM applications in China has just started, there are broad prospects. SCM application training personnel, especially in the engineering and technical personnel in the popularization of knowledge of SCM has important practical significance.
Dazzling array of today's SCM vendor, product performance varies. Specific situation, we should choose what type it? First, we come to understand two concepts: focus on instruction set (CISC) and Reduced Instruction Set (RISC). CISC microcontroller with the structure of the data lines and command line time-multiplexing, the so-called Von. Neumann structure. It commands a rich, more powerful, but to take instructions and data can not be taken at the same time, the speed is limited and prices are high. RISC microcontroller with the structure of the data lines and command line of separation, the so-called Harvard architecture. This allows the instruction fetch and data can be obtained simultaneously, and the width of the data due to the general command line, more similar to CISC Microcontroller instruction more processing instructions contain information on the implementation of more efficient, speed is also faster. At the same time, this single chip single-instruction multiple-byte program memory space utilization greatly increased, to realizing ultra-small. There are CISC MCU structure Intel8051 series, Motorola and M68HC series, Atmel's AT89 series, Taiwan Winbond (Winbond) W78 series, the Netherlands Pilips the PCF80C51 series; is a RISC structure Microchip's PIC series, Zilog's Z86 Series , Atmel's AT90S series, Samsung's Series 4-bit microcontroller KS57C, Taiwan Elan's EM-78 series. In general, the control relationship than the simple small appliances, you can use RISC-based microcontroller; control relationship more complex situations, such as telecommunications products, industrial control systems should be used CISC microcontrollers. However, RISC microcontroller rapid improvement of relations between its leader in the control where no less complex.
According to the different ways of program memory, the microcontroller can be divided into EPROM, OTP (one-time programmable), QTP (mask) three. The beginning of a microcontroller are used ROMless type (chip-free ROM, need to chip with EPROM), the popularity of the microcontroller play a significant role, but the emphasis on widely used interface MCU can not even enter into a misunderstanding. If only emphasizes the application of single chip interfaces, external I / O and memory, will lose the characteristics of the microcontroller. Currently most of the microcontroller program memory within the body was placed, to the application brought great convenience. It is worth mentioning that in the past the price of OTP MCU QTP 3 times, and now has dropped to 1.5-1.2 times the OTP type used to avoid order cycle, the bulk of the trouble is desirable.
Second, PIC MCU What are the advantages?
Since I MCU PIC 95 years since exposure, has been keen on the development and application of such a single chip. Many of my friends asked me: PIC in the end What are the advantages? Maybe you'll have this question, so here I am talking about some of the views a little.
1) PIC biggest feature is not to engage in a simple function of accumulation, but from reality, attention to product performance and price ratio, by the development of a variety of models to meet the application requirements of different levels. In practical terms, the application of different features and resources on the MCU needs are different. For example, the ignition of a motorcycle requires a I / O low, RAM and program memory space for small, high reliability, small microcontroller, the use of a 40-pin microcontroller and powerful, is not that large investment, but also to use inconvenient. PIC series from low to high with dozens of models to meet various needs. Which, IC12C508 only 8 pin MCU, is the world's smallest single chip, the model has 512 bytes of ROM, 25 bytes of RAM, an 8-bit timer, an input line, 5 I / O lines, the market price of 3-6 yuan in RMB. Such a microcontroller such as the motorcycle ignition is undoubtedly very suitable for the application.
LCD TFT module, display terminal serial
订阅：
博文 (Atom)